Parental Expectation of Side Effects Following Vaccination Is Self-fulfilling: A Prospective Cohort Study

Smith, Louise; Weinman, John; Amlôt, Richard; Yiend, Jenny; Rubin, G. James

doi:10.1093/abm/kay040

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Fear of side‐effects is one of the most commonly cited reasons for not adhering to medical interventions 9 . Side‐effect expectations have also been associated with decreased intention to adhere to medications 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While other research has focused on the negative role of the media on side‐effect reporting, 104,105 one study included in the review found that consulting newspapers as a source of information was associated with decreased side‐effect expectations 52 . Research has indicated that side‐effect expectations mediate the association between increased suggestion of side‐effects from different sources, and later perception of side‐effects 9 . It is therefore important to quantify the role of suggestions from different sources such as online searches, social media, news and the influence of friends, family and health‐care practitioners across different treatments for different illnesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meta‐analytic results indicate that patient expectations for post‐chemotherapy side‐effects are associated with development of side‐effects from chemotherapy 6–8 . Similarly, a prospective cohort study of parents vaccinating their child for influenza found that parents’ side‐effect expectations were the strongest predictor of parental report of side‐effects 9 . Symptoms reported in the placebo arm of randomized placebo‐controlled trials may also arise from patient and investigator expectation 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of factors associated with side‐effect expectations from medical interventions

Smith

Webster

Rubin

2020

Health Expectations

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Background Fear of side‐effects can result in non‐adherence to medical interventions, such as medication and chemotherapy. Side‐effect expectations have been identified as strong predictors of later perception of side‐effects. However, research investigating predictors of side‐effect expectations is disparate. Objective To identify factors associated with side‐effect expectations. Search strategy We systematically searched Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus. Inclusion criteria Studies were included if they investigated associations between any predictive factor and expectations of side‐effects from any medical intervention. Data extraction and synthesis We extracted information about participant characteristics, medication, rates of side‐effects expected and predictors of side‐effect expectations. Data were narratively synthesized. Main results We identified sixty‐four citations, reporting on seventy‐two studies. Predictors fell into five categories: personal characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological traits and state, presentation format of information, and information sources used. Using verbal risk descriptors (eg ‘common’) compared to numerical descriptors (eg percentages), having lower quality of life or well‐being, and currently experiencing symptoms were associated with increased side‐effect expectations. Discussion and conclusions Decreasing unrealistic side‐effect expectations may lead to decreased experience of side‐effects and increased adherence to medical interventions. Widespread communications about medical interventions should describe the incidence of side‐effects numerically. Evidence suggests that clinicians should take particular care with patients with lower quality of life, who are currently experiencing symptoms and who have previously experienced symptoms from treatment. Further research should investigate different clinical populations and aim to quantify the impact of the media and social media on side‐effect expectations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of factors associated with side‐effect expectations from medical interventions

Smith

Webster

Rubin

2020

Health Expectations

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“…These impacts motivate the study of factors that support vaccine uptake. Undervaccination may be attributed to vaccine refusal 2 , the spread of anti-vaccine opinion facilitated by media coverage and its sensationalisation of true adverse vaccine effects 3 , the expectation of adverse effects 4 , misstatement of the cause of illnesses 5 , the spread of other rumours and false information 6 , and the effect of social norms 7 .…”

Section: The Resurgence Of Infectious Diseases Due To Vaccine Refusalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial early warning signals of social and epidemiological tipping points in a coupled behaviour-disease network

Phillips

Anand

Bauch

2020

Sci Rep

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critical transition in dynamical systems 30,31. For instance, critical slowing down can precede both first-and second-order transitions 31,32 and is accompanied by the divergence of correlation length in a physical system 33. Many statistics have been used to study EWS in spatially extended systems; temporal 34,35 and spatial correlation 36,37 have been found to precede transitions in spreading processes. Other measurements have been applied to spin systems, where each site in a lattice may be in one of two possible states, possibly partially dependent on the state of neighbouring sites. The spin model has also been applied to opinion dynamics; a simple voter model with binary opinion dynamics is analogous to a physical spin system, where particles represent agents and spins represent different opinions 38. Consensus formation can be seen as a second-order phase transition to an ordered state (where all spins are aligned). In this regime, knowledge of the opinion of a single agent predicts the opinion of all other agents in the system 39. Since the transition in finite networks is smooth 40 , the distance across the network over which the opinions of connected agents are strongly correlated increases smoothly; this is analogous to divergence of the correlation length of a physical system 41. Above some critical temperature, disordered systems take the form of a spin glass. In a spatial opinion model, this describes a state where opinions between neighbours are generally uncorrelated 42. On a static network, this state induces a larger number of edges between dissimilar neighbours as compared to that of consensus regimes. This is related to join count statistics, where the numbers of edges between like neighbours are compared to the number between dislike neighbours as a test of geographical distribution. This is arguably the most natural and well-defined measure for graphs presenting binary data and is used for spatial analysis 43. The necessity of disease surveillance and early warning signals for outbreaks has been discussed in multiple contexts, from epidemic mitigation to bioterrorism prevention 44-46. Potential mitigation of unnecessary expense motivates us to find reliable EWS that remain easily computable on large high-resolution data sets. Furthermore, the study of EWS in coupled disease-behaviour multiplex networks has received relatively little attention, suggesting a significant gap in the literature. Our objective is to evaluate and compare the relative merits of the mutual information, Moran's I, Geary's C and join count statistics as EWS of the occurrence of epidemics and changes in aggregate opinion on a coupled disease-behaviour network model. We use three differently parametrised models (V1, V2 and V3) coupling a binary vaccination opinion dynamic to an SIRV epidemic process. The resulting trends in the EWS for model V2 will be explored in the Results and Discussion sections, with V1 and V3 presented in Supplementary Information S5. The outline of this paper is as follows: the Methods section wil...

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“…Each items reflected VH using the agreement of the responses. Meanwhile, specific questions of the reason for vaccination or hesitation were structured with references [6,18-20]. Items asked the reason for hesitating, delaying, or refusing vaccination; the person who made impacts; and the reason for ultimately vaccinating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children?

Chang

Lee

2019

Epidemiol Health

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OBJECTIVES: Vaccinations for infectious diseases are opposed despite their achievement, and this opposition has recently been revealed in Korea. However, research in Korea has not been vigorous. The authors studied why some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children by applying the health belief model.METHODS: Parents who hesitate to vaccinate and parents who do not were surveyed in alternative education preschools and elementary schools. They were classified into four types of hesitancy and statistically compared.RESULTS: Among the 129 subjects, 43 vaccinated without hesitancy, 20 vaccinated on time with hesitancy, 32 vaccinated with a deliberate delay of one month or longer, and 34 did not vaccinate. Vaccination increased with an increase in the awareness that severe outcomes can occur when unvaccinated. Concerns about adverse reactions from vaccinations or direct/indirect experiences affected refusal. Furthermore, perceptions of the lack of meaningfulness of vaccinations, distrust of policy and safety management, influence of leaders or activists in joined organizations, and experts of Korean traditional or alternative medicine affected refusal. Explanations by doctors, text messages and mails from institutions, and concerns about disadvantages caused by not complying with government policies increased vaccination.CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were similar to the results of international research. Health authorities and professionals should communicate sufficiently and appropriately with hesitant parents and find ways to rationally resolve social conflicts. However, this sample was small and there is little Korean research, so more in-depth and diverse researchs are needed.

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Parental Expectation of Side Effects Following Vaccination Is Self-fulfilling: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

A systematic review of factors associated with side‐effect expectations from medical interventions

A systematic review of factors associated with side‐effect expectations from medical interventions

Spatial early warning signals of social and epidemiological tipping points in a coupled behaviour-disease network

Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children?

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