Parental influences on eating behavior in obese and nonobese preadolescents

Laessle, Reinhold G.; Uhl, Heike; Lindel, Birgit

doi:10.1002/eat.1106

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In support, one observational study has found that higher eating rate in 3-5 year olds is associated with more maternal prompts to eat (66) . The theory is also consistent with the finding that overweight children eat faster only when their mothers are present in the laboratory (22) . Food-cue responsiveness.…”

Section: Parental Influences On Appetitive Traitssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Obesenormal differences in average eating rate were not found to be significant in this study (n 40), but evidence for a trend towards faster eating emerged in the obese group (21) . Eating rate may also be influenced by the eating situation and choice of meal; in a repeated-measures study (n 80) using computerised monitoring of a standard yoghurt meal overweight children were reported to display a faster eating rate only when their mothers were present in the laboratory (22) . In a large sample (n 252) of 9-12-year-old twins participating in a cohort study of eating behaviour, physical activity and adiposity, eating rate has been examined across the weight distribution.…”

Section: Satiety Responsiveness and Child Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

Carnell

Wardle

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Childhood obesity has multiple causes, most of them capable of explaining only one part of the problem. The population-wide impact of sedentary lifestyles and availability of energy-dense food is undeniable, but substantial individual differences in body weight persist, suggesting that individuals respond differently to the 'obesogenic' environment. One plausible mechanism for this variation is the early expression of appetitive traits, including low responsiveness to internal satiety signals, high responsiveness to external food cues, high subjective reward experienced when eating liked foods and preferences for energy-dense foods. Case-control studies support the existence of abnormalities in these traits among obese children compared with normal-weight children, and correlations between psychometric measures of child appetite and child weight suggest that appetitive trait profiles may not only promote obesity but also protect against it. The origins of appetitive traits are as yet uncharted, but will include both genetic and environmental influences. Parental feeding style may affect the development of appetite but the exact nature of the relevant behaviours is unclear and many studies are crosssectional or begin late in childhood, obscuring causal relationships. Future research should explore determinants and biological mechanisms by using prospective designs beginning early in life, measuring relevant biomarkers such as gut hormones and incorporating neuroimaging and genotyping technologies. Potential clinical applications include the identification of 'at risk' children early in life and interventions to modify appetitive traits or ameliorate their impact on intake and weight. Intake regulation: Energy compensation: External eating: Satiety sensitivityObesity is increasingly a cross-generational problem, with recent data revealing that 17% of US children and adolescents exceed the 95th percentile for BMI (1) , and rates in other developed countries are fast catching up (2) . Understanding the multiple causes of childhood obesity is essential to develop targeted and effective treatment and prevention. The influence on the whole population of environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyles and constant availability of cheap energy-dense food is undoubtedly powerful (3,4) , but one remarkable feature of the epidemic is the persistence of enormous individual variation in body weight throughout the population. Individual differences may even be increasing in both children and adults, with the lean staying lean while the fat get fatter (5)(6)(7) , which indicates that individuals interact differently with the pervasively 'obesogenic' environment. Given that common obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, it is highly likely that this interaction occurs partly through individual variation in appetite and eating behaviours, and given that Abbreviations: CEBQ, child eating-behaviour questionnaire.

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Section: Parental Influences On Appetitive Traitssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Satiety Responsiveness and Child Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

Carnell

Wardle

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…However, it may be relevant that obese children eat relatively faster and with larger bites, and they accelerate their eating rate toward the end of the meal, but only in the presence of a parent. 55 Other findings from this study also warrant discussion. We found evidence that the effects of cueing on desire to eat and prospective portion size are not specific to the cued food (pizza).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

‘I just can’t help myself’: effects of food-cue exposure in overweight and lean individuals

2010

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Objective: Even brief exposure to the sight and smell of food has been shown to increase reported appetite, initiate 'cephalic phase responses,' and increase planned and actual consumption. This experiment tested the hypothesis that overweight individuals are especially sensitive to these established effects of food-cue exposure. Design: Overweight (n ¼ 52) and normal-weight (n ¼ 52) participants were exposed to the sight and smell of a 'cued' food (pizza) for 60 s. Before and after this period, we assessed salivation, prospective (planned) portion size, and desire to eat pizza and other 'non-cued' foods. Participants were then offered ad libitum access to pizza. Results: Consistent with previous studies, food-cue exposure increased rated hunger and desire to eat, increased prospective portion size of all savory foods, and increased salivation. In overweight individuals, cue exposure (i) elicited a significantly greater salivary response and, (ii) evoked a significantly greater increase in desire to eat both the cued food and another non-cued food. Conclusion: After cue exposure, overweight individuals experience a greater motivation to consume food but do not desire or consume greater amounts of food. These findings are consistent with evidence that snacking and meal variability predict weight gain and they expose 'cue reactiveness' as a potential predisposing factor for overweight.

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“…Previous research examining the effects of others on children's eating behavior has focused on the influence of parents on children's food consumption (e.g., Faith et al, 2004;Klesges et al, 1983;Koivisto et al, 1994;Laessle et al, 2001) and on the effects of different models on children's acceptance of new foods (Addessi et al, 2005;Birch, 1980;Duncker, 1938;Harper & Sanders, 1975;Hendy, 2002;Hendy & Raudenbush, 2000). However, these studies did not specifically examine the impact of familiarity on children's food consumption, and it is not clear from these studies how the relationship with co-eaters influences modeling of eating in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have looked at the influence of parents on children's food consumption (e.g., Faith, Scanlon, Birch, Francis, & Sherry, 2004;Klesges, Coates, Brown, Sturgeon-Tillisch, Moldenhauer-Klesges, Holzer, Woolfrey, & Vollmer, 1983;Koivisto, Fellenius, & Sjoden, 1994;Laessle, Uhl, & Lindel, 2001), few experimental studies have tested the influence of peers on children's food intake. In fact most of the research in children has focused on the effects of others on children's acceptance of unfamiliar foods (Addessi, Galloway, Visalberghi, & Birch, 2005;Birch, 1980;Duncker, 1938;Harper & Sanders, 1975;Hendy, 2002;Hendy & Raudenbush, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of familiarity on modeling of eating and food consumption in children

et al. 2008

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This study investigates the effects of peer and sibling influence on the cookie intake of normal-weight children. A total of 44 children (24 girls and 20 boys) aged 5 to 11 participated in this study. Children played a sorting task while being exposed to a large amount of cookies. Children were tested alone or with an unfamiliar peer or with a sibling. Results indicated that the social condition was related to the participants' energy intake. Children eating with their siblings ate more cookies than did children eating with strangers and also consumed more cookies than did children eating alone. This pattern of results is consistent with previous research in adults indicating that familiarity between co-eaters influence how much one choose to eat. Furthermore, the degree of intake matching was extremely high among strangers, but low and not statistically significant in dyads of siblings. We conclude that matching effect is not ubiquitous and that familiarity affects the level of matching of eating in children.

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Parental influences on eating behavior in obese and nonobese preadolescents

Abstract: Such an eating style can be hypothesized to explain an increased calorie intake in obese children, promoting a positive energy balance in the long term. The data support a learning model of obesity in childhood, which also has implications for family treatment.

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

‘I just can’t help myself’: effects of food-cue exposure in overweight and lean individuals

The role of familiarity on modeling of eating and food consumption in children

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