Parental involvement in competitive youth sport settings

Holt, Nicholas L.; Tamminen, Katherine A.; Black, Danielle E.; Sehn, Zoë L.; Wall, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.08.001

Cited by 179 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Coaches and parents appeared to dominate the authority climate, but the influence of parents reduces significantly between the specialisation and investment-mastery stages (e.g. Reeve et al 2002, Vazou et al 2005, Conroy and Coatsworth 2007a, 2007b, Garcia Bengoechea and Strean 2007, Gould et al 2008, Holt et al 2008, Fraser-Thomas and Côté 2009, Keegan et al 2009, 2010b, in press, Gearity and Murray 2011.…”

Section: Authority Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key dimensions of social support are: (1) emotional support (e.g. comfort, validation, 'there for you ' -McCarthy and Jones 2007, Gould et al 2008, Holt et al 2008, Pummell et al 2008; informational support (e.g. advice and guidance); (2) tangible (material/instrumental) support (e.g.…”

Section: Social Support Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…advice and guidance); (2) tangible (material/instrumental) support (e.g. concrete instrumental assistance such as purchasing equipment and providing transport -as noted by Beltman and Volet 2007, McCarthy and Jones 2007, Garcia Bengoechea and Strean 2007, Gould et al 2008, Holt et al 2008, Pummell et al 2008; and (3) esteem support (bolstering self-confidence and providing reassurance -cf. Rees and Hardy 2004).…”

Section: Social Support Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

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A qualitative synthesis of research into social motivational influences across the athletic career span

Keegan

Spray

Harwood

et al. 2014

Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health

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This study represents a qualitative synthesis of research examining the socio-environmental influences of coaches, parents and peers on athlete motivation, across the athletic career-span. Using a critical-realist perspective, meta-interpretation methodology was deployed to search and analyse the literature. On-going, iterative analysis generated new areas of enquiry and new search terms, until the emerging analysis reached the points of saturation. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed during this process to produce a clear statement of applicability for the study. In the final analysis, a developmental structure was specified to describe the athletic career trajectory, together with a horizontal structure capturing seven domains of the motivational atmosphere surrounding athletes (competition, training, evaluation, emotion, authority, social-support, and relatedness), and a vertical structure varying in terms of level-of-abstraction: The global/ broad 'motivational atmosphere' containing contextual 'climates', built from immediate/situational 'motivational conditions'. A model of the overall 'motivational atmosphere' in sport, based on a meteorological analogy, is offered with a view to stimulating critical debate and new research directions that reflect the complexity of interpersonal motivation in sport.Keywords: motivation; climate; coaching; parent influences; peer influences Motivation is an important and recurring theme in sport psychology: any behaviour exhibited (or not) is a result of motivational processes (Deci and Ryan 1985). Motivation is often confused with ideas concerning energisation or arousal, but it is better understood as a function of the goals, or reasons, behind the motivated activity (Roberts 2001). Hence, when studying the social influences on the motivation of athletes, one is examining the reasons behind the motivated actions and the ways in which coaches, parents and peers, for example, can influence these reasons. These three social agents, taken together, are perhaps the most consistent and reliable sources of influence across the athlete's sporting experience. A number of qualitative studies have recently examined these influences (e.g. Vazou et al.

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Section: Authority Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Support Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Support Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

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A qualitative synthesis of research into social motivational influences across the athletic career span

Keegan

Spray

Harwood

et al. 2014

Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health

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“…As such, the product of a GT study is a substantive theory in an area such as, for example, parental involvement in youth sport (Holt et al, 2008). There is the potential for substantive grounded theories to be linked with other grounded theories and/or the wider literature to create a more generically applicable formal theory, but the approach to achieving such links must be informed by the ontological and epistemological variant used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the essence of grounded theory: the importance of understanding commonalities and variants

Weed

2016

Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health

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This paper aims to capture the essence of grounded theory (GT) by setting out its commonalities and variants and, importantly, the implications of the latter for the implementation of the former, and for the truth claims and the contributions to knowledge that a GT study might make. Firstly, three ontological and epistemological variants of GT are outlined. Secondly, the commonalities of GT are set out as eight core elements of GT methodology that are individually necessary, but only sufficient collectively, to define a GT study. These elements are: an iterative process; theoretical sampling; theoretical sensitivity; codes, memos and concepts; constant comparison; theoretical saturation; fit, work, relevance and modifiability; and substantive theory. Thirdly, the implications of the ontological and epistemological variants of GT for, firstly, the implementation of the core common elements of the methodology and, secondly, the truth claims and contributions to knowledge that might be made, are discussed. Finally, the paper concludes by arguing that published GT studies in sport, exercise and health research have not always explicitly demonstrated a full understand of the commonalities and variants of GT, and that researchers publishing GT studies must take responsibility for doing this.

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“…Indeed, in youth sport, the spectators relate to the youth participants -namely parents. Researchers have reported that parents serve a vital role in athlete development [7], a source of youth enjoyment [8][9][10], and express a broad range of verbal reactions during sporting contests [11][12]. Given the importance of parents to the youth sports experience, it is surprising that researchers have not examined the physiological responses and thus demands of spectating their children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Energy Requirements of Parents Watching Their Child Compete: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Investigation

Lochbaum

Prosoli

Barić

2017

PPS

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Purpose:Researchers have extensively documented the cardiovascular and metabolic demands for sports participation.To date, researchers have ignored the same requirements of competitor's parents. Hence, our purpose was to document parent cardiovascular and metabolic responses to watching their child compete while also paying particular attention to their thoughts before and after the competition. Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) drove interpretation of parent thoughts. Material:Parents wore a device, made by Firstbeat Technologies, which continuously monitored heart rate. The parents wore the device the night before the competition to be acclimated to the technology and during the event until later in the day. Parents also completed two open-ended questions, one before the tournament and one after the contest. Results:Before the contest, the dad expected that his son won the event (Croatian National Championships for juniors). Conversely, the mother's expectations centered more on her son's enjoyment and competing to the best of his abilities. Parents had differing cardiovascular and energy requirement responses to watching their son compete. In addition, post-competition reflections differed as the father expressed disappointment whereas the mother expressed sadness. Conclusions:The data presented are unique and a first in the sports literature. The parents varied in the intensity of their cardiovascular responses and calories burned while watching their son compete. The father's cardiovascular response over the course of watching was that of an aerobic workout. Whether this pattern is unique or universal are a critical research question. Last, AGT appears relevant when assessing the parent's expectations.

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Parental involvement in competitive youth sport settings

Cited by 179 publications

References 21 publications

A qualitative synthesis of research into social motivational influences across the athletic career span

A qualitative synthesis of research into social motivational influences across the athletic career span

Capturing the essence of grounded theory: the importance of understanding commonalities and variants

Cardiovascular and Energy Requirements of Parents Watching Their Child Compete: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Investigation

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