Parental LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity and nutritional intervention with ALA affect performance of Sparus aurata progeny

Abstract

Environmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diets used during the spawning period causes a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead sea bream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as fads2 which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, it is still unknown whether this adaptation is related to the presence of precursors or limitations in the pre-formed products, n-3 LC-PUFA, contained in the diets used during nutritional programming. This study investigates the combined effects of nutritional programming through broodstock diets during the spawning period and broodfish showing higher or lower fads2 expression levels in the blood after 1-month feeding with a diet containing high levels of plant protein sources and vegetable oils (VM/VO). Broodfish showing high fads2 expression had a noticeable improvement in the spawning quality parameters as well as on the growth of 6 months old offspring when challenged with a high VM/VO diet. Further, nutritional conditioning with 18:3n-3 rich diets had an adverse effect in comparison to progeny obtained from fish fed high fish meal and fish oil (FM/FO) diets, with a reduction in growth of juveniles. Improved growth of progeny from the high fads2 broodstock combined with similar muscle fatty acid profiles is an excellent option also for tailoring and increasing the flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels to meet the recommended dietary allowances for human consumption.

Modulation of metabolic and immunoregulatory pathways in the gut transcriptome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after early nutritional programming during first feeding with plant-based diet

“…Moreover, dietary history differs in M and V fish since linoleic acid was higher in V than in M diet at stimulus, which may be a contributing factor for programming. Whether the high content of precursors for lipid biosynthesis (omega-6 fatty acids) or the low levels of omega-3 fatty acids are the trigger for the nutritional programming phenomena is not yet fully investigated ( 98 ). However, in the current study, the dietary composition of omega-3 fatty acids was not lower than the minimum requirements in freshwater Atlantic salmon as recently studied ( 99 ).…”

Functional Additives as a Boost to Reproductive Performance in Marine Fish: A Review

“…Spaurus aurata broodstock performance was affected when fish oil was replaced entirely by rapeseed oil [66]. The implementation of diets rich in α-linolenic acid caused a negative effect on progeny, compared to broodstock fed diets high in fish meal and fish oil, which had higher levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 LC PUFA (20:5 n-3, 22:6 n-3) [29]. Likewise, the production of viable eggs and larvae per spawning significantly improved when broodstock were fed a diet based on fish oil [29,60].…”

New Insights on the Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Impaired Skin Healing in Diabetes and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers

“…This is extremely important because the epigenetic modifiers could have the potential to become new and useful prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. In this context, it appears that the effects of Omega-3 PUFAs also should be investigated, since they already have been identified as mediators of epigenome reprogramming in other settings [2,169,170] (Figure 1C).…”