Parental Leave and beyond:

Koslowski, Alison; Duvander, Ann‐Zofie; Moss, Peter

doi:10.2307/j.ctvfrxngh.26

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Childcare policy in Iceland, Slovenia and Sweden is designed around state investment in familial care while attempting to challenge gendered parenting via the design of parental leave. Thereafter, state investment shifts to public childcare, with the crossover point around a child's first birthday (Koslowski et al, 2016). While exemplifying supported defamilialization (Gislason and Eydal, 2011;Javornik, 2014;Javornik and Kurowska, 2017), such conceptualization is limited in recognizing the temporary recourse to market mechanisms.…”

Section: Defamilialism and The Ca: Analytical Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating capabilities: Childcare policies in comparative perspective

Yerkes

Javornik

2018

Journal of European Social Policy

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This article analyses childcare services in six countries, assessing this policy instrument’s potential to facilitate parents’ capabilities for arranging childcare in a way they have reason to value. It draws on Sen’s capability approach to conceptualize and assess childcare policy design across five key aspects of childcare provision (accessibility, availability, affordability, quality and flexibility) in a country-comparative perspective. The conceptualization of the multifaceted nature of childcare provides compelling insights into the complexity of comparing childcare services across countries. The ensuing analysis and comprehensive overview of national policies challenges the idea of a defamilialization policy cluster, which masks key distinctions between public and market service provision. The more nuanced conceptualization and operationalization of childcare policy design through the capability approach reveals parents’ real opportunities for arranging childcare and the varying effects of policy design across gender and class. In addition, it goes beyond implicit commodification assumptions and opens up space for parents’ potential desire for multiple care arrangement possibilities.

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Section: Defamilialism and The Ca: Analytical Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating capabilities: Childcare policies in comparative perspective

Yerkes

Javornik

2018

Journal of European Social Policy

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“…If paid leave is only provided at partial wages, it makes sense for the lower-earning parent, who remains more likely in most countries to be the mother, to take a greater share of the available leave [ 53 ]. Based on data from a wide range of high-income countries from 2000 to 2013 [ 54 ], a wage replacement rate of at least two-thirds appears to be the minimum for even modest take-up by fathers, while a rate of 80–100% of regular wages is needed for broader participation. Still, even in the face of the gender imbalance in take-up, it is important to note there is substantial data that wage replacement rates also influence whether and for how long women take leave.…”

Section: Earnings and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These policies may also reduce stigma for leave-taking, which is sometimes seen as a signal of low commitment at work. Similarly, economic incentives or bonuses that are only available if both parents take leave have been used to increase fathers’ leave taking [ 53 , 54 ]. As of 2014, however, only 15 countries reserve more than 2 weeks of leave for fathers or provide incentives for fathers to take leave [ 36 ] (Fig.…”

Section: Earnings and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paid parental leave and family wellbeing in the sustainable development era

Heymann¹,

Sprague

Nandi

et al. 2017

Public Health Rev

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BackgroundThe Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have the potential to have a significant impact on maternal and child health through their commitments both to directly addressing health services and to improving factors that form the foundation of social determinants of health. To achieve change at scale, national laws and policies have a critical role to play in implementing the SDGs’ commitments. One particular policy that could advance a range of SDGs and importantly improve maternal and infant health is paid parental leave.MethodsThis article analyzes literature on paid leave and related policies relevant to SDG 1 (poverty), SDG 3 (health), SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 8 (decent work), and SDG 10 (inequality). In addition, this article presents global data on the prevalence of policies in all 193 UN Member States.ResultsA review of the literature finds that paid parental leave may support improvements across a range of SDG outcomes relevant to maternal and child health. Across national income levels, paid leave has been associated with lower infant mortality and higher rates of immunizations. In high-income countries, studies have found that paid leave increases exclusive breastfeeding and may improve women’s economic outcomes. However, factors including the duration of leave, the wage replacement rate, and whether leave is made available to both parents importantly shape the impacts of paid leave policies. While most countries now offer at least some paid maternal leave, many provide less than the 6 months recommended for exclusive breastfeeding, and only around half as many provide paternal leave.ConclusionsTo accelerate progress on the SDGs’ commitments to maternal and child health, we should monitor countries’ actions on enacting or strengthening paid leave policies. Further research is needed on the duration, wage replacement rate, and availability of leave before and after birth that would best support both child and parental health outcomes and social determinants of health more broadly. In addition, further work is needed to understand the extent to which paid leave policies extend to the informal economy, where the majority of women and men in low- and middle-income countries work.

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“…Given these well-documented benefits of paid parental leave, a large portion of work-family research is focused on the duration and availability of parental leave to new mothers and fathers (ILO, 2011; Koslowski et al ., 2017; OECD, 2017; WORLD Policy Analysis Center, 2015). However, this research is commonly conducted in the context of a different-sex parent household, with one mother and one father.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this analysis is to examine paid parental leave policies in OECD member states and determine whether same-sex couples receive leave entitlements that are comparable to those of different-sex couples. Although prior studies have conducted cross-country comparisons of paid leave durations in OECD and other high-income countries, they have focused on leave that is available to different-sex parents (Koslowski et al ., 2017; OECD, 2017). To expand upon this previous research, we conduct in-country comparisons between various family types, examining the total summed duration of parental leave that is available to two parents in a different-sex couple, a same-sex female couple, and a same-sex male couple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the availability of paid parental leave for same-sex and different-sex couples in 34 OECD countries

et al. 2019

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The availability of paid family leave has been widely researched in the context of a two-parent household with one mother and one father, yet few studies have explored whether households with same-sex parents have access to equal benefits. Expanding on previous cross-country comparisons of parental leave policies, this study examines parental leave policies in 34 OECD countries to compare the total duration of paid parental leave available to same-sex and different-sex parent families within a country. We find that same-sex female and different-sex couples receive equal durations of leave in the majority of countries. However, same-sex male couples often receive shorter durations of paid parental leave compared to both different-sex and same-sex female couples. In addition to addressing the implications of laws and policies surrounding same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption on parental leave availability, we highlight specific aspects of paid leave policies that may explain the unequal durations of paid leave between same-sex and different-sex couples.

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Parental Leave and beyond:

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Creating capabilities: Childcare policies in comparative perspective

Creating capabilities: Childcare policies in comparative perspective

Paid parental leave and family wellbeing in the sustainable development era

Comparing the availability of paid parental leave for same-sex and different-sex couples in 34 OECD countries

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