“…Although the above conceptual framework suggests a strong link between policies and fathers' leave‐taking and caregiving behaviors, evidence of the impact of leave‐taking on father involvement is not clear cut. A number of studies find that leave‐taking is positively associated with increased levels of father involvement in Europe (Bünning, ; Haas & Hwang, ; Huerta et al, ; Schober, ) as well as in English‐speaking countries such as the United States (Huerta et al, ; Knoester et al, ; Nepomnyaschy & Waldfogel, ; Petts & Knoester, ; Pragg & Knoester, ) and the United Kingdom (Tanaka & Waldfogel, ). Yet, other research finds only very weak or no impact of leave‐taking on father involvement in Europe (Ekberg et al, ; Kluve & Tamm, ; Schober, ) and in English‐speaking countries (Hosking et al, ; Patnaik, ; Seward, Yeatts, Amin, & Dewitt, ).…”