Parental mediation of children’s videogame playing: a comparison of the reports by parents and children

Nikken, Peter; Jansz, Jeroen

doi:10.1080/17439880600756803

Cited by 276 publications

(319 citation statements)

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Section: Parental Mediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active mediation increases PARENTAL MEDIATION AND FAMILY PROCESSES 5 children's skepticism towards TV content (Austin, Bolls, Fujioka, & Engelbertson, 1999). In addition, parents who are worried about negative influences of VG are more likely to engage in conversations with their offspring about media use (Nikken & Jansz, 2006;.Finally, co-operative mediation (or co-use), which comprises co-viewing and coplaying, is defined as accompanying children's media consumption (e.g., watching television together with the child). Unlike active mediation, co-use does not include explicit discussions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, they were also asked to indicate their enthusiasm for TV and VG, respectively. In contrast to Nikken and Jansz (2006), however, we used a four-point rather than a three-point scale. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…No support was found for the hypothesized Nikken and Jansz (2006) Given the poor model fit, separate exploratory factor analyses were performed on parental VG and TV mediation. We opted for principal component analyses on the assumption that there were inter-correlations between the different styles of mediation (Nathanson, 2002;Nikken & Jansz, 2006;Valkenburg et al, 1999;Van der Voort, Nikken, & van Lil, 1992;Van der Voort, van Lil, & Peeters, 1998). A forced factor solution resulted in three factors, which explained 45 to 53% of the total variance for TV (see Table 1) and VG, respectively (see Table 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Co-consuming included parental investment and encouragement by joint media consumption, whereas the active part contained, for example, giving advice on how to play the game and pointing to good things in the game. Furthermore, socio-emotional features were stressed in this mediation strategy by evaluating the emotional state of the game character or avatar.The second scale reflected the classical restrictive mediation part (see Nikken et al, 2006), but also included active elements (α = .71). Parents informed themselves about the VG medium, prohibited VG use, and stimulated critical thinking by focusing their children's attention to bad things in the game, or its fictional/fantastic origin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game use in Germany: Active and Embedded in Family Processes

Schaan

Melzer

2015

Journal of Children and Media

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In a survey study, 158 dyads of German parents and their nine to 12 year-old children reported on their television and video game consumption, parental mediation strategies, and family climate. Parents also reported their beliefs concerning media effects. We found that mediation strategies differ from acknowledged media usage conceptions in that parents play a more active role than previously assumed. Restrictive mediation comprises rules and restrictions, but also parents' educative explanations that media do not reflect reality.Patronizing mediation includes shared media consumption, but also parents commenting on media contents. Pointing out and emphasizing socio-emotional features in the media (e.g., empathy) characterizes active-emotional co-use (AEC). Regression analyses revealed that parental fear of negative media effects predicted both AEC and restrictive mediation.Children and parents' congruent perceptions of family interactions predicted AEC and patronizing video game mediation. Overall, positive ratings of family interactions were associated with children using media less frequently.Keywords: parental mediation, children, television, video games, family interaction, media effects. PARENTAL MEDIATION AND FAMILY PROCESSES 3Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game Use: Active and Embedded in Family ProcessesElectronic and interactive media have become an integral part of everyday life, especially welcomed by young people (Television Bureau of Advertising [TVB], 2010). It is not surprising that the potential effects of excessive media use (e.g., Gentile et al., 2011;King, Delfabbro, & Griffiths, 2010) and sexually explicit or violent content (e.g., Wilson, 2008) on children and their development have drawn immense public attention. First and foremost, it is the parents and caregivers who are worried about media effects and therefore seek to actively regulate media use in consistency with family norms and standards. We specifically hypothesize that all forms of mediation strategies are inherently based on active parental involvement. Additionally, video gaming might be more challenging to regulate than television (TV), because the child expert mostly plays alone in his or her room. In the present study, we therefore investigated: (a) whether there are differences in mediation between media types (i.e., TV and video games [VG]), and (b) the factors that best predict parents' choice of mediation strategy. Types of Electronic MediaDue to their specific characteristics, TV and VG differ with regard to the effects they may have on the users (Buckley & Anderson, 2006;Carnagey & Anderson, 2004). For instance, VG are superior to TV with regard to the intensity and frequency with which violence is being depicted (Wilson, 2008). More generally, a constant pressure to act is put on the players in most VG, forcing them to continuously focus on ongoing events. In contrast, TV viewers often engage in additional activities (e.g., holding conversations, doing domestic work), thereby paying less...

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Section: Parental Mediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game use in Germany: Active and Embedded in Family Processes

Schaan

Melzer

2015

Journal of Children and Media

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Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use

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Parental Mediation of Media

Nikken

2017

The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects

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Notwithstanding several decades of parental mediation research, among scholars there is disagreement about what exactly constitutes parental mediation. At the same time, however, some consensus exists on the framing of parental mediation. That is, the task of regulating and managing children's experiences with electronic or print media by means of different activities—such as rulemaking, co‐use, supervision, monitoring, applying technical measures, and active mediation—is regarded as an important parental task. Families and parents vary widely in their parental mediation activities, and both the parents' attitudes to media for children and the parents' own media skills are important determinants of the frequency and ease with which parents mediate. The quickly changing electronic media environment, however, not only warrants new research on parental mediation, but also asks for new perceptions of the roles of parents and children in the theory building of parental mediation.

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Parental mediation of children’s videogame playing: a comparison of the reports by parents and children

Cited by 276 publications

References 23 publications

Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game use in Germany: Active and Embedded in Family Processes

Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game use in Germany: Active and Embedded in Family Processes

Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use

Parental Mediation of Media

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