Parental Offending and Child Physical Health, Mental Health, and Drug Use Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review

Whitten, Tyson; Burton, Melanie; Tzoumakis, Stacy; Dean, Kimberlie

doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01388-7

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Parental contact with the criminal justice system is a marker of severe familial adversity (Farrington et al, 2006; Phillips et al, 2006) and is closely associated with child maltreatment and contact with child protection services more broadly (Phillips et al, 2004; Whitten et al, 2019a), including OOHC placement (Green et al, 2019). Part of this association is likely due to the many shared familial and social adversities that predict both parental offending and child maltreatment (Phillips & Dettlaff, 2009; Whitten et al, 2019b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Whitten

Dean

et al. 2020

Child Maltreat

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Parental history of offending and/or mental illness are risk factors for child maltreatment. However, limited research has directly contrasted the role of maternal versus paternal criminal offending or mental health problems in contributing to earlier contact with the child protection system. In this study we examined the relative contributions of these risk factors in relation to the time to the offspring’s first report to child protection services, or first placement in out of home care (OOHC), using administrative records for a population sample of 71,661 children. Prior paternal offending had a greater independent effect on time to the offspring’s first contact with child protection services (HR = 2.27 [95% CI = 2.14-2.40]) than maternal offending (HR = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.63 -1.87]) or maternal mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.57 -1.77]). By contrast, prior maternal offending (HR = 2.58 [95% CI = 2.26-2.95]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 2.33 [95% CI = 2.05-2.63]) had a greater effect on earlier placement in OOHC, relative to prior paternal offending (HR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.35 -1.88]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI = 0.94 -1.19]). These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of coordinated government responses across multiple agencies to identify vulnerable children and families who might benefit from early interventions or support services.

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confidence: 99%

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Whitten

Dean

et al. 2020

Child Maltreat

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] Parental offending is a known indicator of serious parental and family adversity [17][18] that may also exacerbate factors that negatively impact offspring health. [19][20] Although relatively unexplored, parental contact with the Criminal Justice System (CJS) may be a marker for children at risk of adverse health events and ED presentations. To date, only one study has explored the association between parental criminal offending and offspring ED presentations in childhood and adolescence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parental offending and children’s emergency department presentations in New South Wales, Australia

Whitten

Green

Laurens

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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ObjectivesChildren whose parents have a history of criminal offending may be at risk of higher rates of emergency department (ED) presentation, along with other adverse health outcomes. We used data from a large, population-based record linkage project to examine the association between maternal and paternal criminal offending and the incidence of ED presentations among child offspring.MethodsData for 72 772 children with linked parental records were drawn from the New South Wales Child Development Study. Information on parental criminal offending (spanning 1994–2016) and child ED presentations (spanning 2005–2016; approximately ages 2–12 years) was obtained from linked administrative records. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between parental offending and the incidence of children’s ED presentations for any reason and for physical injury, while accounting for important covariates.ResultsChild rates of ED presentation, particularly for physical injury, were higher among those with parental history of criminal offending, after adjusting for covariates. The magnitude of the association was higher for paternal criminal offending (ED presentation for any reason: HR=1.44 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.48); physical injury: HR=1.70 (95% CI 1.65 to 1.75)) than maternal criminal offending (any reason: HR=0.99 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.03); physical injury: HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.10)).ConclusionChildren of parents, particularly of fathers, with a history of criminal offending have an increased incidence of ED presentation, including for potentially avoidable physical injury. These findings require replication and further research to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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“…, 2009; Wildeman & Western, 2010; Whitten et al . , 2019). This association is borne out in Australian data.…”

Section: Existing Research On Trends Benefits and Costs Of Incarceramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Convict Age: Explaining the Return of Mass Imprisonment in Australia

Leigh

2020

Economic Record

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Constructing a new series of incarceration rates from 1860 to 2018, I find that Australia now incarcerates a greater share of the adult population than at any point since the late nineteenth century. Much of this increase has occurred since the mid‐1980s. Since 1985, the Australian incarceration rate has risen by 130 per cent, and now stands at 0.22 per cent of adults (221 prisoners per 100,000 adults). Recalculating Indigenous incarceration rates so that they are comparable over a long time‐span, I find that incarceration rates for Indigenous Australians have risen dramatically. Fully 2.5 per cent of Indigenous adults are incarcerated (2,481 prisoners per 100,000 adults), a higher share than among African‐Americans. The recent increase in the Australian prison population does not seem to be due to crime rates, which have mostly declined over the past generation. Instead, higher reporting rates, stricter policing practices, tougher sentencing laws, and more stringent bail laws appear to be the main drivers of Australia's growing prison population.

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Parental Offending and Child Physical Health, Mental Health, and Drug Use Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Parental offending and children’s emergency department presentations in New South Wales, Australia

The Second Convict Age: Explaining the Return of Mass Imprisonment in Australia

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