Parental smoking and childhood obesity: higher effect estimates for maternal smoking in pregnancy compared with paternal smoking--a meta-analysis

Riedel, Christina; Schönberger, Katharina; Yang, Seungmi; Koshy, Gibby; Chen, Yang Ching; Gopinath, Bamini; Ziebarth, Stephanie; Kries, Rüdiger von

doi:10.1093/ije/dyu150

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition to gene-environment interactions, a substantial body of evidence supports the role of early life exposures to famine 75 , maternal malnutrition (including both undernutrition and overnutrition) 76, 77 , maternal smoking status 78 , maternal diabetes prior to pregnancy 79 , gestational diabetes 80 , and maternal obesity 81 in influencing offspring’s subsequent risk of obesity and T2D, through mechanisms often referred to as “developmental programming”. These “programs” can result in permanent structural changes of various organs and tissues, alter responses to environmental stimuli, and induce epigenetic changes in gene expression 82 .…”

Section: Major Drivers Of the Obesity And Diabetes Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Complications

Bhupathiraju

2016

Circulation Research

719

442

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Obesity and diabetes have reached epidemic proportions in the past few years. In 2011–2012, more than a third of the US population was obese. Although recent trend data indicate that the epidemic has “leveled off”, prevalence of abdominal obesity continues to rise, especially among adults. As seen for obesity, the past few decades have seen a doubling of the diabetes incidence with an increasing number of type 2 diabetes cases being diagnosed in children. Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence and trends of obesity and diabetes. In general, in both adults and children, non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans appear to be at a high risk than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Secular changes in agricultural policies, diet, food environment, physical activity, and sleep have all contributed to the upward trends in the “diabesity” epidemic. Despite marginal improvements in physical activity and the US diet, the food environment has changed drastically to an “obesogenic” one with increased portion sizes and limited access to healthy food choices especially for disadvantaged populations. Interventions that improve the food environment are critical as both obesity and diabetes raise the risk of cardiovascular disease by nearly two-fold. Among those with type 2 diabetes, significant sex differences occur in the risk of cardiovascular disease such that diabetes completely eliminates or attenuates the advantages of being female. Given the substantial burden of obesity and diabetes, future research efforts should adopt a translational approach to find sustainable and holistic solutions in preventing these costly diseases.

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Section: Major Drivers Of the Obesity And Diabetes Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Complications

Bhupathiraju

2016

Circulation Research

719

442

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“…Studies have also indicated that maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to overweight or obesity in infancy and childhood,1, 2, 3, 4 and that rapid weight gain (RWG) in early infancy can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood 5, 6. Ong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and rapid weight gain from birth to early infancy

Mine

Tanaka

Nakasone

et al. 2017

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundAlthough several studies have focused on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy, the dose-response relationship has not yet been confirmed, and very few studies have included Asian populations. Using a record-linkage method, we examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and RWG in infants at around 4 months of age to clarify the dose-response relationship.MethodsTwo databases were used: maternal check-ups during pregnancy and early infancy check-ups (between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2014 in Okinawa, Japan) were linked via IDs and provided to us after unlinkable anonymizing. For 10,433 subjects (5229 boys and 5204 girls), we calculated the change in infants' weight z-score by subtracting the z-score of their birth weight from their weight at early infancy check-ups. Smoking exposure was categorized into five groups. We used Poisson regression to examine the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with RWG in early infancy.ResultsOverall, 1524 (14.6%) were ex-smoker and 511 (4.9%) were current smoker. Compared with the reference category of non-smokers, the adjusted risk ratio of RWG was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.32) for ex-smokers, 1.18 (95% CI, 0.93–1.50) for those who smoked 1–5 cigarettes per day, 1.57 (95% CI, 1.24–2.00) for those who smoked 6–10 cigarettes per day, and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.51–3.01) for those who smoked ≥11 cigarettes per day. There was a clear dose-response relationship.ConclusionOur study suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in a dose-dependent manner with increased risk of RWG in early infancy.

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“…Long-term, prenatal exposure to smoking is a major risk factor for respiratory ailments in children [5], and it may impair their innate and adaptive immunity [6]. In addition, the risks for childhood and adulthood obesity [7], cardiovascular disease [8] and impaired fertility [9] in the offspring are increased by maternal smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%