Parental Smoking and the Risk of Birth Defects in Offspring in China: A Systematic Review and meta‐Analysis
Jinxi Han,
Yunxia Zhang,
Yibo Liu
et al.
Abstract:ObjectiveA meta‐analysis of case‐control studies was conducted to assess the risk of birth defects in offspring in China associated with maternal active and passive smoking and paternal smoking.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for qualified research up to December 2023. A Random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model was used to calculate the overall comprehensive risk estimates; and the relationship between parental smoking and the risk of birth defects in different periods of pregnancy. Subgroup an… Show more
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