Parental smoking, socioeconomic factors, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: a population based case-control study

Kriz, Paula; Bobák, Martin; Kříž, B

doi:10.1136/adc.83.2.117

Cited by 75 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is in accordance with a study done in Brazil that reported the frequency of the illness was around two times higher in low financial zones than in more prosperous zones [12].…”

Section: Parental Demographic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 81%

Predictors of Bacterial Meningitis among Paediatric Patients Aged 0 - 5 Years at Kenyatta Hospital, Kenya

Serem¹,

Chege²,

Maina³

2018

OJPed

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Introduction: Meningitis remains a common and serious problem in children worldwide. One million instances of meningitis are assessed to happen in children worldwide each year. In Africa, where outbreaks are common 70% of meningitis cases are diagnosed in children under the age of five (5) years. Though in most cases, doctors diagnose early and adequate treatment started, 5% to 10% of patients still succumb during the 24 -48 hours after onset of clinical features. In 2009, the mortality rate in Africa was four thousand deaths. Study Objective: This study describes the predictors of bacterial meningitis among children aged 0 -5 years admitted at Kenyatta National Hospital (K.N.H.) paediatric wards. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. It was carried out in K.N.H. paediatric wards. Data were obtained from consenting parent or guardian and healthcare workers (nurses and registrars). Study participants were selected by convenient sampling method. A total of 104 study participants were included in the study sample. In-depth interviews of key informants were conducted on 7 health workers; 5 nurses from the paediatric wards and paediatric emergency unit and 2 paediatric registrars. Ethical consideration included full disclosure to participants, confidentiality, security of health records and informed consent. Data were collected by use of researcher administered semi-structured questionnaire and desk reviews of patients' files were also used. Qualitative data from the interviews were audio-taped. Logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis. Quantitative data were cleaned, entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results were displayed by utilization of tables, pie charts. Qualitative data were transcribed, grouped in themes and analysed manually. Study Results: The majority of the children (55.8%) were female. The highest percentage of the children (53.8%) was aged less than one year. The highest proportion of the parents (39.4%) was within the age group of 26 -30 years. Neonatal sepsis (37.5%), neonatal jaundice (25.0%) and for observation (25.0%) were the common reasons for admission to NBU. Children admitted and managed in the nursery unit were significantly 2.7 times more likely to have bacterial meningitis compared to those children never admitted to the nursery [OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.08 -7.00; P = 0.031]. Streptococcus pneumonia was the main (51.2%) causative agent of bacterial meningitis among the children. Children who were taken to hospital in delay after illness were 1.740 times more likely to exhibit meningitis than those taken to hospital immediately. Children whose parents had higher levels of income were two times less likely to exhibit meningitis than those with lower. Majority (62.5%) resided in mid urban and slum areas. Most lived in a one (1) bed-roomed house and most houses (60.6%) had more than five people living in it. The main co-existing illnesses among the children were pneumonia (53.8%) and heart di...

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“…This is in accordance with a study done in Brazil that reported the frequency of the illness was around two times higher in low financial zones than in more prosperous zones [12].…”

Section: Parental Demographic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 81%

Predictors of Bacterial Meningitis among Paediatric Patients Aged 0 - 5 Years at Kenyatta Hospital, Kenya

Serem¹,

Chege²,

Maina³

2018

OJPed

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“…A educação da mãe é um forte preditor da saúde da criança, o que vem reforçar a idéia de que talvez esse fator seja o mais importante determinante sócio-econômico das condições de saú-de e doença da criança 30,31 . Mães mais escolarizadas podem mudar seu hábito de fumar ou adotar padrões comportamentais em relação ao fumo diferentes daquelas de menor escolaridade, como, por exemplo, não fumar dentro de casa, não fumar na presença dos filhos, impedir que outros moradores fumem na presença das crianças, por saber que esta atitude pode prejudicar a saúde infantil.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tabagismo no domicílio e doença respiratória em crianças menores de cinco anos

et al. 2006

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A fumaça do tabaco no ambiente doméstico é o principal irritante do trato respiratório de crianças. Avaliaram-se os fatores associados aos sintomas e às enfermidades respiratórias, assim como a principal fonte de exposição ao tabagismo no domicílio de 2.037 crianças menores de cinco anos atendidas para vacinação em 10 dos 38 postos de saúde de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil (aproximadamente duzentas crianças por posto). Exposição ao tabagismo, a morbidade respiratória e as características sócio-demográficas foram obtidas por entrevista com o responsável pela criança. A prevalência de sintomáticos respiratórios foi de 59,9%, sendo maior para os que convivem com fumantes. A asma/bronquite foi a patologia que esteve mais fortemente associada com o tabagismo, sendo as variáveis que permaneceram associadas em modelo logístico hierarquizado: nível socioeconômico (OR = 2,93; IC95%: 1,57-5,45), escolaridade (OR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,08-1,98) e ocupação da mãe (OR = 1,68; IC95%: 1,04-2,74), distrito sanitário (RP = 1,47; IC95%: 1,06-2,02), faixa etária (OR = 3,38; IC95%: 2,31-4,95) e sexo da criança (OR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,09-1,94), aleitamento natural (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,15-2,40) e tabagismo dos moradores (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,18-2,11). Crianças pertencentes aos níveis socioeconômicos mais baixos e expostas ao tabagismo dos moradores do domicílio apresentam maior associação com a doença respiratória.

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“…• invasive meningitis, 200,201 • infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children who live in a household with a patient with tuberculosis, 202 and…”

Section: Effects On the Child Of Shs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Best¹

2009

Pediatrics

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Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure of children and their families causes significant morbidity and mortality. In their personal and professional roles, pediatricians have many opportunities to advocate for elimination of SHS exposure of children, to counsel tobacco users to quit, and to counsel children never to start. This report discusses the harms of tobacco use and SHS exposure, the extent and costs of tobacco use and SHS exposure, and the evidence that supports counseling and other clinical interventions in the cycle of tobacco use. Recommendations for future research, policy, and clinical practice change are discussed. To improve understanding and provide support for these activities, the harms of SHS exposure are discussed, effective ways to eliminate or reduce SHS exposure are presented, and policies that support a smoke-free environment are outlined.

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Parental smoking, socioeconomic factors, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: a population based case-control study

Cited by 75 publications

References 21 publications

Predictors of Bacterial Meningitis among Paediatric Patients Aged 0 - 5 Years at Kenyatta Hospital, Kenya

Predictors of Bacterial Meningitis among Paediatric Patients Aged 0 - 5 Years at Kenyatta Hospital, Kenya

Tabagismo no domicílio e doença respiratória em crianças menores de cinco anos

Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

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