Parental socioeconomic resources and adverse childhood experiences as predictors of not in education, employment, or training: a Finnish register-based longitudinal study

Pitkänen, Joonas; Remes, Hanna; Moustgaard, Heta; Martikainen, Pekka

doi:10.1080/13676261.2019.1679745

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These include: low levels of parental education and their disinterestedness towards education; unemployment; low household incomes and receipt of state benefits; living in large households; poor housing or high-risk housing situation; living in small, rural or remote settlements; or, in living in a neighbourhood with high crime rate play important role (Odoardi, 2019;Pitkänen et al, 2019;Duckworth & Schoon,2012;Karyda, 2020;Tamesberger & Bacher, 2014 ). Moreover, parental psychiatric disorder and substance abuse, poor parenting style or out-of-home placement can also play an important role (Pitkänen et al, 2019). Adverse childhood experiences in the context of NEETs are less studied.…”

Section: Socio-economic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual for the classification of intervention best-practices with rural NEETs

Bojnec¹,

Erdoğan²,

Fernandes‐Jesus³

et al. 2020

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targeting rural NEETs. In my opinion, this is the most outstanding contribution of this manual, and also an original one, considering that to date no other efforts have been made with the intention of developing a grid of how to describe interventions dealing with rural NEETs. This manual offers, therefore, valuable contributions for upcoming research efforts within and beyond RNYN, including: (a) a complete methodological framework for future case stu-dies; (b) practical tools to conduct field research than can be combined with many different methodological approaches (qualitative, mixed-methods, etc.); and, (c) strategic criteria for conducting research in complex settings such as community-based programs. In addition, this manual sets the necessary conditions to present evidence-based conclusions about programs targeting rural NEETs, further aiding policy-makers to opt for solutions that clearly produce better results. This manual would not have been possible without the efforts and best knowledge from its editorial team. Therefore, as the Chair of RNYN, but also in a more personal note, I would like to thank Claudia Petrescu, Emre Erdogan and Paul Flynn for the impeccable and rigorous way in which they conducted all the process. I would also like to thank the Working Group 2 mem-bers traversing many countries who contributed to this document.

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Section: Socio-economic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual for the classification of intervention best-practices with rural NEETs

Bojnec¹,

Erdoğan²,

Fernandes‐Jesus³

et al. 2020

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show abstract

“…In addition to self-harm, low childhood income has been associated with adolescent mental health ( Fitzsimons et al, 2017 ), high-risk health behaviours, such as substance abuse and violent offending ( Kipping et al, 2015 ) and with an increased risk of violent victimization ( Aaltonen et al, 2012 ). Moreover, low childhood income is known to predict out-of-home placements ( Gypen et al, 2017 ), poor school performance ( Vinnerljung & Hjern, 2011 ) as well as disrupted transitions to school and employment ( Pitkänen, Remes, Moustgaard, & Martikainen, 2019 ). Besides being harmful in themselves, all of these factors may act as pathways from low childhood income to self-harming behaviour ( Dube et al, 2001 ; Evans et al, 2004 ; Hawton, Saunders, & O’Connor, 2012 ; Henderson et al, 2017 ; Jablonska et al, 2012 ; Kääriälä & Hiilamo, 2017 ; Lodebo et al, 2017 ; Perez et al, 2016 ; Vaughn et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of low childhood income on self-harm in young adulthood: Mediation by adolescent mental health, behavioural factors and school performance

Pitkänen

Bijlsma

Remes

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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Low childhood income is an established risk factor of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood, and childhood income is additionally associated with various correlates of self-harm. How these correlates, such as psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, violent behaviour and school problems, mediate the effect of childhood income on self-harm, is less understood. The purpose of the current paper is to examine this mediation. The study is based on administrative register data on all Finnish children born in 1990–1995. An analytical sample of 384,121 children is followed from age 8 to 22. We apply the parametric g-formula to study the effect of childhood income on the risk of self-harm in young adulthood. Adolescent psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, prior self-harm, violent criminality and victimization, out-of-home placements, not being in education, employment or training and school performance are considered as potential mediators. We control for confounding factors related to childhood family characteristics. As a hypothetical intervention, we moved those in the lowest childhood income quintile to the second-lowest quintile, which resulted in a 7% reduction in hospital-presenting self-harm in young adulthood among those targeted by the intervention (2% reduction in the total population). 67% of the effect was mediated through the chosen mediators. The results indicate that increases in childhood material resources could protect from self-harm in young adulthood. Moreover, the large proportion of mediation suggests that targeted interventions for high-risk adolescents may be beneficial. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to use the parametric g-formula to study youth self-harm. Future applications are encouraged as the method offers several further opportunities for analysing the complex life course pathways to self-harm.

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“…Parental resources, including education, income, and health, affect children's later outcomes, and the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage is well illustrated in the literature (Wiborg and Hansen 2009;Aizer and Jannet 2014;Vauhkonen et al 2017;Lesner 2018;Pitkänen et al 2019). However, these two strands of literature on the impact of childhood health on socioeconomic attainment and intergenerational social mobility have rarely been combined, and little evidence exists on the moderating effect of parental resources on the association between mental health problems and later socioeconomic outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

Haula

Vaalavuo

2021

Journal of Youth Studies

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In this article, we study the association between mental health problems in adolescence and early adulthood and later receipt of social assistance in the capital region of Finland. Using register data and following a cohort of adolescents to their early adulthood, we also examine whether the strength of this association varies according to household income during adolescence. We find that mental health problems from the ages of 16-17 and thereafter were associated with the receipt of social assistance at age 24, and more strongly among those with lower household income during their adolescence. Importantly, the same disorder groups emerged as the most important ones in predicting the use of social assistance across income quintiles. In this sense, we find similarity regardless of parental resources. This evidence is important for better understanding the mechanisms between circumstances during adolescence and later socioeconomic outcomes, including benefit use, yet the underlying factors should be studied further.

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Parental socioeconomic resources and adverse childhood experiences as predictors of not in education, employment, or training: a Finnish register-based longitudinal study

Cited by 37 publications

References 58 publications

Manual for the classification of intervention best-practices with rural NEETs

Manual for the classification of intervention best-practices with rural NEETs

The effect of low childhood income on self-harm in young adulthood: Mediation by adolescent mental health, behavioural factors and school performance

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

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