Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences

Abstract

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers ( N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.

Parental stress and life satisfaction: A comparative study of social services users and nonusers from a gender perspective

“…Also, it is important to consider the influence of the sample of the study, examinating not only its cultural background but also its sociodemographic characteristics and setting (ie., clinical vs. nonclinical), because the differences in these features could be changing the measurement structures of the questionnaires across the different studies (Curran et al, 2008 ). Nevertheless, the present study found the same structure in two different samples, extending the evidence to some previous studies limited only to nonclinical samples (Hukkelberg & Nærde, 2021 ; Oronoz et al, 2007 ).…”