Parental Structuring in Response to Toddler Negative Emotion Predicts Children’s Later Use of Distraction as a Self‐Regulation Strategy for Waiting

Ravindran, Niyantri; Genaro, Breana G.; Cole, Pamela M.

doi:10.1111/cdev.13563

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Parents’ autonomy-supportive responses to children’s negative emotion have been found to predict the development of children’s emotion regulation (Ravindran et al, 2021). Specifically, parental responses that encourage children to draw on their own mental capacities, such as acknowledging or asking questions about children’s emotional experience, rather than direct command or prohibition, predicted more growth of children’s use of distraction in waiting tasks between 18 and 48 months.…”

Section: Parental Support In Response To Children’s Dysregulation Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moment-to-moment within-person associations between maternal autonomy support and child defeat predicting child behavioral adjustment.

Chen,

Wang,

Huang

2024

Journal of Family Psychology

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This study examines mother-child mutual regulation processes during a challenging puzzle task as predictors of preschoolers' behavioral adjustment 6 months later in a Chinese sample (N = 101, 46 boys, M age = 57.41 months, SD = 6.58). Mother-child mutual regulation was measured by the moment-tomoment bidirectional within-person associations between maternal autonomy support and child defeat (i.e., expression of frustration, incapacity to complete the task, or giving up). Children whose mother provided more autonomy support after increases of child defeat showed lower levels of externalizing problems 6 months later, and children who showed less defeat after increases of maternal autonomy support showed higher levels of prosocial behaviors 6 months later. These predictive effects were significant after controlling for child behavioral adjustment at the initial time point, and mean levels of mother's autonomy support and child's defeat throughout the task. The mutual regulation processes did not significantly predict child internalizing problems. The findings suggest that the coordinated mother-child mutual regulation patterns in real time may have positive implications for preschoolers' behavioral adjustment.

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Section: Parental Support In Response To Children’s Dysregulation Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moment-to-moment within-person associations between maternal autonomy support and child defeat predicting child behavioral adjustment.

Chen,

Wang,

Huang

2024

Journal of Family Psychology

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“…Cognitive distraction strategies can be defined as goal-oriented self-distraction strategies that children employ to reduce the deterrent effect of delay and relieve stress while waiting for delayed but larger rewards, instead of choosing the instant but smaller ones (Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999;Mischel, 2016;Ravindran et al, 2021;Rodriguez et al, 1989;Sethi et al, 2000). Cognitive distraction strategies can be evaluated by the paradigm of delaying gratification Rodriguez et al, 1989;Sethi et al, 2000;Steelandt et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cognitive Distraction Strategies and Problem Behaviors Of Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive distraction strategies can be evaluated by the paradigm of delaying gratification Rodriguez et al, 1989;Sethi et al, 2000;Steelandt et al, 2012). These strategies help to "cool down" the challenging "hot" tasks of delaying gratification and are cognitively managed (Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999;Mischel, 2016;Ravindran et al, 2021;Rodriguez et al, 1989;Sethi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Cognitive Distraction Strategies and Problem Behaviors Of Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study also tested the moderating role of delay of gratification in determining the effect of preschoolers' cognitive distraction strategies on their problem behaviors (Figure 2). It is documented that delay of gratification skill, which is regarded as a moderating variable in the literature, and cognitive distraction strategies are interrelated Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999;Mischel, 2016;Ravindran et al, 2021;Rodriguez et al, 1989;Sethi et al, 2000;Steelandt et al, 2012;Yates et al, 1981). However, so far no study has been reported on how the delay of gratification can impact the relation between cognitive distraction strategies and problem behaviors.…”

Section: Figure 1 the Proposed Mediation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relation Between Preschoolers’ Cognitive Distraction Strategies and Problem Behaviors: Social Skills as a Mediator and Delay of Gratification as a Moderator

Tutkun

2022

JEI

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This study aims to investigate the relation between preschoolers’ social skills as a mediator and delay of gratification as a moderator, and their cognitive distraction strategies and problem behaviors. The participants of this study were 100 randomly selected preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years, who were attending a private preschool in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Data was obtained through Marshmallow Test to evaluate cognitive distraction strategies with regard to delay of gratification, and the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales (SSIR-RS) to assess the preschoolers’ social skills and problem behaviors. The obtained data was analyzed with correlation analysis and mediator variable analysis. The findings revealed that preschoolers’ cognitive distraction strategies, social skills, and problem behaviors are significantly correlated. Besides, as problem behaviors of the preschoolers increased, their use of social skills and cognitive distraction strategies decreased. Furthermore, it was determined that cognitive distraction strategies were a significant predictor of problem behaviors. Finally, it was concluded that social skills had a mediating role in the relationship between preschoolers’ cognitive distraction strategies and their problem behaviors. These findings highlight possible interventions to boost children’s development by enhancing their social skills and cognitive distraction strategies, as well as reducing problem behaviors.

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“…Structuring is indicated by positive guiding and scaffolding that promotes children's autonomy. Although it supports children's autonomous use of cognitive skills (see e.g., Ravindran et al., 2021), there is no clear link to attention to emotion information. As non‐hostility refers to caregivers’ regulation of own negative affect, one could assume that non‐hostility and child socio‐emotional development are related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal sensitivity and non‐intrusiveness at 12 months predict attention to emotional facial expressions at 24 months: A cross‐lagged panel approach

Kammermeier

Paulus

2021

Social Development

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Following theoretical proposals emphasizing the role of caregiver behavior for child emotion processing, this study investigated whether maternal sensitivity and non‐intrusiveness predicted child attention to emotional facial expressions, assessed via eye tracking, as the earliest stage of emotion regulation. Maternal behavior and child attention were assessed at 12 (N = 118) and 24 months. Cross‐lagged panel analyses revealed predictive effects of maternal sensitivity at 12 months on child attention to sad and happy expressions at 24 months. Moreover, maternal non‐intrusiveness at 12 months predicted child attention to sad expressions at 24 months. Effects were independent of child gender and temperament. The findings highlight the pervasive impact of caregiver sensitivity on emotion processing in the early years.

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Parental Structuring in Response to Toddler Negative Emotion Predicts Children’s Later Use of Distraction as a Self‐Regulation Strategy for Waiting

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Moment-to-moment within-person associations between maternal autonomy support and child defeat predicting child behavioral adjustment.

Moment-to-moment within-person associations between maternal autonomy support and child defeat predicting child behavioral adjustment.

The Relation Between Preschoolers’ Cognitive Distraction Strategies and Problem Behaviors: Social Skills as a Mediator and Delay of Gratification as a Moderator

Maternal sensitivity and non‐intrusiveness at 12 months predict attention to emotional facial expressions at 24 months: A cross‐lagged panel approach

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