Parenthood, Gender and Work‐Family Time in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark

Craig, Lyn; Mullan, Killian

doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00769.x

Cited by 355 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…More specifically, emerging adults, identified as ages 18-29 (Arnett, 2000), are commonly focused on individuated and professional goals (Kroger, 2003), and thus gender differences may be minimal in this group. In contrast, although variations in individual people's life trajectories exist, young adults (defined here as ages 30-40) move into a life period defined by creating families with intimate partners and children, and the individuals in this age group commonly struggle with issues of parenting and family-work balance (Craig & Mullan, 2010;Katz-Wise, Priess, & Hyde, 2010). These pressures highlight gendered roles within the family in ways that may lead to more strongly stereotyped gender typicality and greater gender differences in autobiographical recall among this age group than among emerging adults.…”

Section: Participant Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gender and gender typicality on autobiographical memory across event types and age groups

et al. 2016

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Gender differences in autobiographical memory emerge in some data collection paradigms and not others. The present study included an extensive analysis of gender differences in autobiographical narratives. Data were collected from 196 participants, evenly split by gender and by age group (emerging adults, ages 18-29, and young adults, ages 30-40). Each participant reported four narratives, including an event that had occurred in the last 2 years, a high point, a low point, and a self-defining memory. Additionally, all participants completed self-report measures of masculine and feminine gender typicality. The narratives were coded along six dimensions-namely coherence, connectedness, agency, affect, factual elaboration, and interpretive elaboration. The results indicated that females expressed more affect, connection, and factual elaboration than males across all narratives, and that feminine typicality predicted increased connectedness in narratives. Masculine typicality predicted higher agency, lower connectedness, and lower affect, but only for some narratives and not others. These findings support an approach that views autobiographical reminiscing as a feminine-typed activity and that identifies gender differences as being linked to categorical gender, but also to one's feminine gender typicality, whereas the influences of masculine gender typicality were more context-dependent. We suggest that implicit gendered socialization and more explicit gender typicality each contribute to gendered autobiographies.

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Section: Participant Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gender and gender typicality on autobiographical memory across event types and age groups

et al. 2016

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“…Several scholars have emphasized the higher amounts of care work mothers do when fathers spend more time in paid work (e.g., Craig & Mullan, 2010;Lammi-Taskula, 2008). However, the storyline emphasizes how working and breadwinning seems not only to be something that fathers do, but an essential part of fathering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metanarrative of the "New Father" and Narratives of Young Finnish First-Time Fathers

Eerola¹,

Huttunen²

2011

Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Me

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“…Researchers can assess whether the time use of fathers across countries with different parental leave policies differs. This kind of study design is possible using data drawn from the ECHP (Smith & Williams, 2007) or by making use of MTUS/HETUS data (Craig & Mullan, 2010;Sullivan, et al, 2009). The development by Sullivan and colleagues (2009) of a new database which links institutional-level macro-policy indicators to existing time use studies, will facilitate and greatly enhance research of this kind.…”

Section: Work-family Reconciliation: Parental Leave Policy and The Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development by Sullivan and colleagues (2009) of a new database which links institutional-level macro-policy indicators to existing time use studies, will facilitate and greatly enhance research of this kind. However, this kind of research design produces tentative results, because it is difficult to disentangle cause and effect (Craig & Mullan, 2010;Sigle-Rushton, 2009). The design and implementation of parental leave policies, which involve a degree of discretion from the Member States, is endogenous to the institutional context and social norms of each country.…”

Section: Work-family Reconciliation: Parental Leave Policy and The Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers and Fatherhood in the European Union

Sigle‐Rushton¹,

Goisis²,

Keizer³

Handbook of Father Involvement

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2 1. Brief Historical Overview and Theoretical PerspectivesOver the past two decades, issues related to fathers and fatherhood have attracted the attention of policymakers and researchers in both the United States and Europe, but in somewhat different ways. Public concerns about early and unmarried parenthood, increasing numbers of fathers living apart from their children, and the role of (biological) fathers in family life have been key issues in the United States (Eggebeen 2002;Marsiglio, Amato, Day, & Lamb, 2000;Pleck, 2004). On the other side of the Atlantic, new social and political challenges such as global economic competitiveness, low fertility, and the long-term financial sustainability of social programs raised questions about gendered policy logics concerning paid work and child care. Directly and indirectly, fathers were incorporated into European Union (EU) debates about how best to promote equal opportunities, to increase female labor market participation, and to improve child outcomes. Most notably, strong incentives to encourage greater father involvement, at least when their children are young, have been embraced as both legitimate and achievable policy goals. In what follows, we draw on theoretical perspectives of gendered welfare regimes to trace how shifting policy logics concerning work and care have incorporated new understandings and expectations of the role of fathers in Europe. The Male Breadwinner as Basis for European Welfare RegimesThe decades following the Second World War were, in most western European countries (the countries that comprised the EU prior to the fifth enlargement which began in 2004), characterized by rapid economic growth and welfare state expansion. At that time, the male breadwinner was the ideal (if not always the norm, 3 especially in working class families), and good fathering was implicitly equated with being steadily employed and a good economic provider (Gillis, 2000). Against this backdrop, new and generous welfare state policies were developed which presumed, reinforced and rewarded a gendered division of labor in which men took responsibility for earning an income and women took responsibility for unpaid work and child care. Indeed, prior to the 1970s, all western European welfare states more or less subscribed to a strong "male breadwinning" ideology (Lewis, 1992). The welfare models that were built around this ideology relied, in most European countries, on the assumption of a generous supply of well-paid jobs, a growing working age population (to fund generous benefits for both workers and their dependent wives and children), and legally recognized and stable (if not permanent) marriages. Sustainability of male breadwinner welfare systems challengedFrom the 1970s, economic and social changes resulted in new risks, some of which directly challenged the underlying policy logics of strong male breadwinner welfare regimes. Existing policy approaches were not well equipped to deal with the challenges of a post-industrial economy with its insecure employment...

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Parenthood, Gender and Work‐Family Time in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark

Cited by 355 publications

References 61 publications

The influence of gender and gender typicality on autobiographical memory across event types and age groups

The influence of gender and gender typicality on autobiographical memory across event types and age groups

Metanarrative of the "New Father" and Narratives of Young Finnish First-Time Fathers

Fathers and Fatherhood in the European Union

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