Parenting and the development of conduct disorder and hyperactive symptoms in childhood: a prospective longitudinal study from 2 months to 8 years

Morrell, Julian M. B.; Murray, Lynne

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.t01-1-00139

Cited by 155 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Cut point = top 20th percentile. Mother's depressive symptoms · Twelve-item measure adapted from Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale 61 to capture presence and severity of depression symptoms in the past week. Theoretical range 0 to 36; higher score indicates more depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 Emotional dysregulation at 9 months of age was associated with development of conduct disorder at age 5 and 8 years. 61 From the perspective of cognitive social theory, young children exposed to negative parenting may model the negative cognitions and aggression of their mothers. 62 Analyses from this study do not explain whether the effects of hostile/ineffective parenting on aggression are direct through observational learning, indirect through a negative emotional environment, or a combination of both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Immediate and Sustained Effects of Parenting on Physical Aggression in Canadian Children Aged 6 Years and Younger

2009

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Objective: To determine whether the effects of factors associated with the development of childhood (aged 6 years or younger) physical aggression were immediate (cross-sectional), sustained (longitudinal), or both. Methods:A longitudinal subsample (n = 975) of children born between December 1994 and April 1995 was drawn from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth and followed from birth to 6 years of age. Using random-and fixed-effects logistic panel regression models, child (sex and preterm birth), maternal (education, employment, and positive or hostile/ineffective parenting), and family (lone-parent, older and younger siblings, and income) indicators were regressed on childhood physical aggression.Results: Hostile/ineffective parenting contributed significantly to explaining the variance in aggression. At each measurement time point (birth, 2, 4, and 6 years of age), a change in hostile/ineffective parenting had an effect on aggression, and this effect carried forward across time up to 6 years. Being a boy, having a mother with less education, and living in a lone-parent family with siblings also contributed significantly to aggression. Preterm birth, maternal employment, depressive symptoms, positive interaction, and income failed to contribute significantly to aggression. Conclusions:These results support the hypothesis that hostile/ineffective parenting has an immediate effect on aggression. Contrary to predictions that it would have an immediate effect only at the time it was occurring, hostile/ineffective parenting had a sustained effect on aggression that carried forward in time up to 6 years of age. The results suggest that hostile/ineffective parenting has an effect on aggression prior to any evidence of aggressive behaviour in the child.Can J Psychiatry. 2008;54(1):55-64.Clinical Implications · Parenting interventions need to begin early in a child's development and continue at least until school age to have the greatest impact on the prevention of aggression. · Boys who live in lone-parent families with multiple siblings and mothers with low education may benefit the most from interventions to prevent aggression. · Repeated screening for physical aggression in young children may be useful to predict those who will continue on a trajectory of physical violence into adolescence.Limitations · Single informant (mother) reporting is not equivalent to direct observation of the child. · Random-and fixed-effects models do not explain the mechanisms leading to aggression. · Standardizing scores adjusts for qualitative differences in measures of development, but is not a perfect solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immediate and Sustained Effects of Parenting on Physical Aggression in Canadian Children Aged 6 Years and Younger

2009

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“…Difficulties in attunement between parent and child can have profound effects on aspects of cognitive and social functioning including stress responses and language development (Schore 1997;Trevarthen 2001). Research on post-natal depression has shown that children of depressed mothers may have lasting cognitive difficulties (Murray & Cooper 1997) and behavioural problems (Morrell & Murray 2003), and these are likely to be a consequence of difficulties in the early parent-child relationship. Harsh parenting is known to interact with child temperament in increasing risk for conduct disorder (Scaramella & Leve 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health visitors’ assessments of parent–child relationships: A focus group study

Wilson

Barbour

Graham³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Nursing Studies

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Background: Health visitors (HVs), also known as public health nurses, in the UK provide a universal community-based service to preschool children and their parents. Since they have ongoing supportive contact with almost all mothers and young children they have opportunities to identify problems in the parent-infant relationship: for example during developmental screening, home visits and immunisation clinics. Research into the role of screening for problems in the parent-child relationship in early childhood is sparse and little is known about how such problems are currently identified in the community Objective: To explore the approaches taken by health visitors (HVs) to identifying problems in the parentchild relationship Design: focus group study.Setting: Glasgow, Scotland Participants: 24 health visitors sampled purposively Results: Multiple sources of information were used by health visitors in assessing parent-child relationships.These include use of known risk factors, knowledge of local norms, direct observations of behaviour, reflection on the relationship between the parent and health visitor, as well as more intuitive reactions. In many cases understanding difficulties in parent-child relationships involved piecing together a jigsaw over a considerable time span. Continuity of relationships appeared to be crucial in this task. Home visits were described as the most informative setting in which to develop an understanding of the parent-child relationship. Participants reported a lack of formal training in the assessment of parent-child relationships and were keen to obtain more training.Conclusions: Health visitors use complex strategies to integrate information about parent-child relationships.These strategies are acquired in a variety of ways, but receive little emphasis during basic professional training.

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“…While the role of the breastfeeding in the brain develop- ment still remains unclear, it is possible that the some cognitive or behavioural dysfunction may be the result of the short duration of breastfeeding [30]. Other longitudinal studies have confirmed that interactions between biological vulnerability and poor parenting are important in predicting further externalising problems [5,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After-effects of hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) in prospective longitudinal (12 years) study

Kądziela-Olech¹

2017

ppn

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Purpose: Despite the significant increase in the understanding of the hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), our knowledge of the factors associated with the persistence of the disorder and further development of psychopathology is insufficient. The long-term prospective studies have aimed at identifying factors that may determine the adverse course of HKD. Methods: The study group 54 patients (95.1% male) with HKD (mean age 8.1, SD ± 1.7 years at the baseline assessment) was covered by a 12-year observation (mean age of participants: 19.1 ± 1.7 years at the end of the study). Subjects were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of cognitive functions, including the school and family functioning, the treatment as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. Results: Statistical analysis of the severity of HKD indicated significant reduction in the symptoms after 12 years. The birth complications (OR = 11.187; p = 0.045), chronic conflicts in family (OR = 0.129; p = 0.018) and depression of mother (OR = 6.033; p = 0.045) have proved to be significant risk factors for externalizing disorders in the study group. The single-parent family (OR = 0.099; p = 0.009) and coexistence of mothers' anxiety disorders (OR = 0.318; p = 0.043) were a significant predictors for the model of internalizing disorders. Only 28 (51.9%) of children used regular systematic therapy. Lack of the systematic treatment was a significant risk factor of transition of HKD to antisocial phenotypes (univariate regression model: R = 0.56; SE = 0.12; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Long-term clinical observation showed that the appropriate systematic treatment until adulthood may significantly reduce undesirable behaviours. Completion of the treatment programme should be monitored systematically for many years, which greatly influences the results of school education and increases the chances for correct psychosocial development. Parents' mental disorders/conflicts considerably decrease in the treatment effects, thereby increasing the risk of social maladjustment in patients with HKD.

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Parenting and the development of conduct disorder and hyperactive symptoms in childhood: a prospective longitudinal study from 2 months to 8 years

Abstract: These data would suggest that only in boys was there evidence for the existence of a sensitive period for the development of hyperactive symptoms, and to a lesser extent, conduct disorder symptoms.

Cited by 155 publications

References 137 publications

Immediate and Sustained Effects of Parenting on Physical Aggression in Canadian Children Aged 6 Years and Younger

Immediate and Sustained Effects of Parenting on Physical Aggression in Canadian Children Aged 6 Years and Younger

Health visitors’ assessments of parent–child relationships: A focus group study

After-effects of hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) in prospective longitudinal (12 years) study

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