Parenting and the Family Check-Up: Changes in Observed Parent-Child Interaction Following Early Childhood Intervention

Sitnick, Stephanie L.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Gill, Anne; Dishion, Thomas J.; Winter, Charlotte; Waller, Rebecca; Gardner, Frances; Wilson, Melvin N.

doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.940623

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Perhaps increasing observation times even further, particularly under conditions of some stress and a salient, emotionally charged conflict between the mother and the child, would allow for a more robust measurement of power assertion. We note, however, that the findings were nevertheless consistent with our expectations, with our past work with community samples, and with extant research that involved mothers and toddlers at a higher risk (e.g., Sitnick et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Life Satisfaction Moderates the Effectiveness of a Play-Based Parenting Intervention in Low-Income Mothers and Toddlers

Brock

Kochanska

O’Hara

et al. 2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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This multi-method multi-trait study examined moderators and mediators of change in the context of a parenting intervention. Low-income, diverse mothers of toddlers (average age 30 months; N=186, 90 girls) participated in a play-based intervention (Child-Oriented Play versus Play-as-Usual) aimed at increasing children's committed compliance and reducing opposition toward their mothers, observed in prohibition contexts, and at reducing mother-rated children's behavior problems 6 months after the intervention. Mothers’ subjective sense of life satisfaction and fulfillment during the intervention and objective ratings of psychosocial functioning by clinicians, obtained in a clinical interview were posed as moderators, and mothers’ observed power-assertive discipline immediately following the intervention was modeled as a mediator of its impact. We tested moderated mediation using structural equation modeling, with all baseline scores (prior to randomization) controlled. Mothers’ subjective sense of life satisfaction moderated the impact of the intervention, but clinicians’ ratings did not. For mothers highly satisfied with their lives, participating in Child-Oriented Play group, compared to Play-as-Usual group, led to a reduction in power-assertive discipline which, in turn, led to children's increased compliance and decreased opposition and externalizing problems. There were no effects for mothers who reported low life satisfaction. The study elucidates the causal sequence set in motion by the intervention, demonstrates the moderating role of mothers’ subjective life satisfaction, highlights limitations of clinicians’ ratings, and informs future prevention and intervention efforts to promote adaptive parenting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Life Satisfaction Moderates the Effectiveness of a Play-Based Parenting Intervention in Low-Income Mothers and Toddlers

Brock

Kochanska

O’Hara

et al. 2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…A lack of intervention effects on the coercion trajectory and no moderation by intervention group increases our confidence that the findings represent a naturally occurring relationship between RSs and coercion dynamics. Two other studies from this dataset have also reported nonsignificant direct effects of the FCU on coercive processes in early childhood (Sitnick et al, in press; Smith et al, in press). Sitnick and colleagues found an effect of the intervention on increases in positive interactions from age 2 to 5, which was associated with declines in observed coercion over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Negative Relational Schemas Predict the Trajectory of Coercive Dynamics During Early Childhood

Smith

Dishion

Shaw

et al. 2014

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Coercive family processes are germane to the development of problem behaviors in early childhood, yet the cognitive and affective underpinnings are not well understood. We hypothesized that one antecedent of early coercive interactions is the caregiver’s implicit affective attitudes toward the child, which in this article are termed relational schemas. Relational schemas have previously been linked to coercion and problem behaviors, but there has yet to be an examination of the association between relational schemas and trajectories of coercion during early childhood. We examined 731 indigent caregiver-child dyads (49% female children) from a randomized intervention trial of the Family Check-Up. Predominantly biological mothers participated. A speech sample was used to assess relational schemas at age 2. Coercive interactions were assessed observationally each year between ages 2 and 4. Caregiver and teacher reports of children’s oppositional and aggressive behaviors were collected at age 7.5 and 8.5. Path analysis revealed that negative relational schemas were associated with less steep declines in coercion during this period, which in turn were predictive of ratings of oppositional and aggressive behaviors at age 7.5/8.5 after controlling for baseline levels, positive relational schemas, child gender, ethnicity, and cumulative risk. Intervention condition assignment did not moderate this relationship, suggesting the results represent a naturally occurring process. Given the link between persistent early coercion and later deleterious outcomes, relational schemas that maintain and amplify coercive dynamics represent a potential target for early intervention programs designed to improve parent–child relationships.

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“…In an intensive analysis of observed family interaction as a mediator of long-term outcomes, Sitnick et al (2014) found that long-term reductions in children’s aggressive and oppositional behavior was mediated by yearly improvements in parents’ observed positive behavior support as well as coercive conflict. Finally, Shaw also found moderate effects on reductions in maternal depression in early childhood, in both studies (Shaw et al, 2006; Shaw, Connell, Dishion, Wilson, & Gardner, 2009).…”

Section: A Model-based Family Intervention Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oregon Model of Behavior Family Therapy: From Intervention Design to Promoting Large-Scale System Change

et al. 2016

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This paper reviews the evolution of the Oregon model of family behavior therapy over the past four decades. Inspired by basic research on family interaction and innovation in behavior change theory, a set of intervention strategies were developed that were effective for reducing multiple forms of problem behavior in children (e.g., Patterson, Chamberlain, & Reid, 1982). Over the ensuing decades, the behavior family therapy principles were applied and adapted to promote children’s adjustment to address family formation and adaptation (Family Check-Up model), family disruption and maladaptation (Parent Management Training–Oregon model), and family attenuation and dissolution (Treatment Foster Care–Oregon model). We provide a brief overview of each intervention model and summarize randomized trials of intervention effectiveness. We review evidence on the viability of effective implementation, as well as barriers and solutions to adopting these evidence-based practices. We conclude by proposing an integrated family support system for the three models applied to the goal of reducing the prevalence of severe problem behavior, addiction, and mental problems for children and families, as well as reducing the need for costly and largely ineffective residential placements.

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Parenting and the Family Check-Up: Changes in Observed Parent-Child Interaction Following Early Childhood Intervention

Cited by 59 publications

References 70 publications

Life Satisfaction Moderates the Effectiveness of a Play-Based Parenting Intervention in Low-Income Mothers and Toddlers

Life Satisfaction Moderates the Effectiveness of a Play-Based Parenting Intervention in Low-Income Mothers and Toddlers

Negative Relational Schemas Predict the Trajectory of Coercive Dynamics During Early Childhood

The Oregon Model of Behavior Family Therapy: From Intervention Design to Promoting Large-Scale System Change

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