Parenting and the socialization of religiousness and spirituality.

Abstract

This study examined parenting style dimensions as moderators of relations between family religiousness and individual religiousness and spirituality. Participants were 122 emerging adults ages 17-31 (M ϭ 20.90, SD ϭ 2.75). Cross-sectional data were obtained through an online survey. Participants rated the frequency with which they engaged in various religious activities with their families when they were younger, the frequency with which they personally do those behaviors currently, their current spirituality, and the parenting styles used by their parents when they were younger. Family religiousness positively predicted individual religiousness and spirituality. Rejection and autonomy-support moderated the association between family religiousness and individual religiousness, while warmth, rejection, structure, chaos, and autonomy-support moderated the relationship between family religiousness and individual spirituality. Thus, religious beliefs and practices, at whatever level, may be more readily appropriated by the next generation in families characterized by authoritative parenting.

Factor structure of the Indonesian version of the Parent as Social Context Questionnaire

“…Based on this operationalization Skinner et al (2005) developed a dimensional selfreport measurement tool named Parent as Social Context Questionnaire (PSCQ) that has been used in numerous studies (Farkas & Grolnick, 2010;Hardy, White, Zhang, & Ruchty, 2011;McLachlan, Zimmer-Gembeck, & McGregor, 2010) The advantages of this measurement are its theoretical foundation, concise in measuring parenting dimensions, and ability to capture the core dimensions of parenting style (Skinner et al, 2005). There are two forms of the PSCQ; the PSCQ-Parent Report (to be filled in by the parent) and the PSCQ-Adolescent Report (to be filled in by the adolescent).…”

Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality as a Moderator for the Influences of Parents’ Religiousness on Adolescents’ Religiousness and Adjustment

“…Prior studies of adults and emerging adults indicate that the intergenerational transmission of religiousness is more likely to occur in families characterized by high warmth and support (Abar, Carter, & Winsler, 2009; Hardy, White, Zhang, & Ruchty, 2011). Conversely, maternal depression decreases rates of the intergenerational transmission of religiousness from mother to offspring and further attenuates the beneficial qualities of religiousness in offspring (Gur, Miller, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Weissman, 2005).…”

Spiritual education programme for primary caregiver parents to build resilience in children with acute anxiety symptoms: A multicity study

“…, which in turn promote fewer behavioural problems and more prosocial behaviours among children (Mahoney, Pargament, Tarakeshwar, & Swank, 2008) and better child adjustment (Hardy et al, 2011;Landor et al, 2011). The focus, however, is solely on how parental spirituality acts as a buffer and coping resource.…”

“…Spiritual education has the potential to influence the mental health of primary caregiver parents by shaping their fundamental beliefs and behaviours that in turn influence psychological adjustment of young children (van der Jagt‐Jelsma et al, ). Parental spirituality has been cited consistently as playing a determining role in the development of child spirituality (Desrosiers, Kelley, & Miller, ; Hardy, White, Zhang, & Ruchty, ; Heaven, Ciarrochi, & Leeson, ; Kim, McCullough, & Cicchetti, ; Landor, Simons, Simons, Brody, & Gibbons, ; Schottenbauer, Spernak, & Hellstrom, ). Similarly, parental engagement with spiritual practices such as spiritual education would also impact child development.…”

“…Research has thus established the link between parental spirituality and better, more authoritative parenting practices (Duriez, Soenens, Neyrinck, & Vansteenkiste, ; Mahoney, ), which in turn promote fewer behavioural problems and more prosocial behaviours among children (Mahoney, Pargament, Tarakeshwar, & Swank, ) and better child adjustment (Hardy et al, ; Landor et al, ). The focus, however, is solely on how parental spirituality acts as a buffer and coping resource.…”