Parenting in acculturation: two contemporary research designs and what they tell us

Abstract

Massive population transfers are common today. To understand how immigrants negotiate variation and adjustment as they settle in a new culture, researchers have explored acculturation, the changes that individuals and groups undergo as a result of contact with a culture not their own. Parents have crucial roles to play in acculturation. Parenting is instantiated in cognitions and practices, and cognitions and practices of parents are multifaceted and influenced by many factors, including parents' own individual characteristics, their children, and their cultural experiences. This article describes, evaluates, and illustrates two unique research designs that are used today to study acculturation of parenting cognitions and practices. In one design, parenting in acculturating cultures in the same culture of destination are compared; in the second design, parents in a culture of origin, parents from that culture of origin acculturating to a new culture, and parents in that culture of destination are compared. Acculturation is one of the most prominent individual-difference constructs in contemporary psychology, and understanding parents' cognitions and practices is fundamental to understanding parenting and acculturation.

Parenting and SES: relative values or enduring principles?

“…Cultural contexts assume a significant role in ascribing value and meaning to parenting practices (Bornstein, in press, this issue; Prevoo & Tamis-Lemonda, in press, this issue). Moreover, the qualitative and historical experience of economic adversity (e.g., antecedents, persistence, geographic concentration, opportunities for improving financial status) may differ across racial and ethnic groups, influencing how SES is related to parenting practices (McLoyd, 1990).…”

Cogniciones y Prácticas Parentales en Contexto de Migración

“…Dentro del contexto del momento de la migración, es relevante considerar cómo el país acoge a la familia a través de sus políticas de migración (Bornstein, 2017), y considerar si es que algún integrante estuvo expuesto a alguna situación traumática como violencia, pérdidas, separaciones, entre otras (CIDH, 2015).…”

“…Más específicamente, las cogniciones parentales incluyen atribuciones, percepciones, metas, expectativas y conocimiento acerca de la crianza y el desarrollo óptimo infantil (Bornstein, 2017;Cote, Kwak, Putnick, Chung & Bornstein, 2015). Dichas cogniciones afectan el desarrollo de los niños a través del efecto mediador que tienen sobre las prácticas parentales (Bugental & Johnston, 2000).…”

“…Las cogniciones parentales han comenzado a estudiarse dentro del contexto de migración, puesto que los padres, madres y cuidadores están sujetos a nuevos desafíos, presiones sociales, y falta de referentes (Bornstein & Bohr, 2011;Grace, 2014). De este modo, podrían realizar cambios -conscientes o no-en su forma de llevar a cabo su parentalidad (Bornstein, 2017).…”

Influence of Spousal Support on the Relationship between Acculturative Stress and Sense of Parenting Competence among Married Vietnamese Immigrant Women

“…베트남 결혼이주여성의 한국 생활적응에 대한 사례연구와 이들이 경험하는 모성갈등에 대한 연구에서 베트 남 결혼이주여성은 배우자와의 연령차이가 17세로 가장 많고 어린나이에 양육의 부담을 가지며 중국, 필리핀 여성보다 한국 어 소통과 한국문화 적응에 어려움이 많아 자녀양육 스트레스 와 문화적응 스트레스가 높다고 하였다 [4,5]. 또 한국문화에 미 처 적응하기도 전에 임신과 출산을 경험하며 출산 후에도 산후 조리나 자녀양육에 있어 문화적 차이로 인해 시부모와도 갈등 을 경험하고, 자녀양육에 있어서도 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 알려져 [5], 이민자들의 자녀양육은 부모의 개인적 특성 뿐 아 니라 문화적 경험 요인에 의해서도 영향 받음을 알 수 있다 [6].…”