Parenting the crying infant

Zeifman, Debra M.; James‐Roberts, Ian St

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.009

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…At the first visit the PI furthermore completes an interview-based questionnaire (Additional file 3 ) with the purpose to collect information about baseline variables and potential clinical predictors and confounders. The choice of variables was based on knowledge from existing literature [ 6 – 8 , 19 – 21 , 23 , 27 , 32 ] and focus group discussions with chiropractors and health visitors. Questions concerns the child’s crying pattern, birth weight and length, current weight and length, feeding mode and pattern, burps, regurgitation, bowel movements, anamnestic and objective signs of musculoskeletal problems (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…immaturity [ 14 ], allergy towards cow’s milk [ 15 ], transient lactose intolerance [ 16 ], intestinal microflora [ 17 ] and motility dysfunction [ 18 ]. Other hypotheses include disturbances in the parent-child relationship [ 19 ], factors related to the pregnancy and birth [ 20 , 21 ] or merely the extreme of normal crying [ 22 ]. Based on the different aetiological hypotheses many different interventions have been performed but the results are ambiguous, and imply that colic may have a multifactorial aetiology with the need for a more stratified treatment approach [ 23 – 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic: study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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BackgroundInfantile colic is a common condition during early childhood affecting around one of six newborns. The condition is characterized by inconsolable crying and fussing in otherwise healthy and thriving infants. The most used definition is excessive crying for at least three hours a day for at least three days for at least three weeks. The cause of colic is still unknown although many hypotheses and thereby many different treatment modalities have been investigated. Chiropractic care is used increasingly in treatment of infants, including for infantile colic, although the evidence worldwide is sparse. A randomized, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic. This paper describes the protocol as well as results from a pilot study examining the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.MethodThe study is designed as a single-blind randomized, controlled trial. The invited families are residents on the Island of Funen and information about the project is distributed from the maternity wards and health visitors. Children at the age of 2–14 weeks with unexplained excessive crying are screened for eligibility and recruited by the primary investigator through home visits. Eligible children are then randomized to chiropractic treatment or control. All children attend in the chiropractor clinic two times a week for two weeks. The parents are unaware of their child’s allocation during the project period. The primary outcome measure is change in daily hours of crying based on the parental diaries.The study intends to include 200 children, and the intervention has, during a pilot study, been found acceptable and feasible among families with newborns.DiscussionIn a single-blind randomized controlled design we will evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic. The study will contribute to determine the effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic in an area where limited evidence exists. Furthermore, the study aims to explore if subgroups of children with suspected musculoskeletal problems will benefit more from the intervention than others. If they obtain better results, this could imply the need for stratified care.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov and Identifier: NCT02595515 (registered 2 November 2015).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12998-018-0188-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic: study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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“…The goals of management are to help the parents cope with the crying and to prevent long-term sequelae in the parent–child relationship. Infant colic is a risk factor for child abuse 23 .…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding and managing infantile colic

et al. 2018

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A newborn brings joy to the family. Crying belongs to the spectrum of normal behaviour of young infants. However, although it occurs in about 20% of all infants, unsoothable and persistent crying in young infants distresses the family, although it is usually benign. The aetiology of infantile colic remains unknown, although an unbalanced gastro-intestinal microbiome, increased intestinal permeability, and chronic inflammation are involved, as well as behavioural factors, including over- and under-stimulation. It is a challenge for healthcare professionals to decide when organic disease needs to be excluded. Parental stress is a reason for babies to cry more, inducing a vicious cycle. Therefore, parental reassurance with explanatory guidance is the cornerstone of management. The placebo effect is estimated to be as high as 50%. If an intervention is felt to be necessary to offer further support to the baby and family, it is important to choose the options for which there is some efficacy without adverse effects. There is evidence that some specific probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 19378, especially in breastfed infants, are effective. However, there are also promising data for some synbiotics and/or killed or tyndallized bacteria, as well as substances decreasing intestinal permeability. Formula management with extensive and/or partial hydrolysates may also bring relief. But, above all, offering parental support remains imperative.

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“…In addition, Winnicott () pointed out that a sensitive response by the mother to the infant was necessary but “almost illness,” and that mother gradually becomes less sensitive to the infant's signal. Although adaptive response to infant signals may be modified by various factors, the most desirable response is currently under discussion (e.g., Zeifman & St James‐Roberts, ). The purpose of this study was to understand the role of executive function impaired by cognitive load in mothers’ processing of emotional stimuli from infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the most appropriate response to crying remains under debate (e.g. Leerkes & Qu, ; Zeifman & St James‐Roberts, ); in any case, vocalization‐mediated interactions play an important role for both mother and infant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of cognitive load on maternal postural sway and heart rate in response to infant vocalizations

Hiraoka

Nomura

2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Infants communicate their emotions to their caregivers through cries and laughter. Recent work suggests that adaptive parenting requires cognitive regulation of intuitive behaviors toward infants’ signals. In this study, we examined the effects of cognitive regulation on mothers’ unconscious behavioral and cardiac responses to infant cries and laughs. In all, 55 mothers took part in this study. To manipulate cognitive load, mothers were asked to memorize alphabet characters (two letters in the low cognitive load condition and eight in the high cognitive load condition). Then, they heard infant vocalizations (cries or laughs) for 6 s. During this time, we measured mothers’ behavioral (center of pressure, an index of approach–avoidance behavior) and physiological (heart rate) responses. Regardless of vocalization type (infant cries or laughs), high cognitive load increased mothers’ forward movement toward the infant sounds as well as mothers’ heart rate. These findings advance our understanding of the link between executive function and maternal response to infant signals by utilizing postural and physiological measures of maternal response during memory tasks that require cognitive resources.

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Parenting the crying infant

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

The effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic: study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial

The effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic: study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial

Recent advances in understanding and managing infantile colic

The influence of cognitive load on maternal postural sway and heart rate in response to infant vocalizations

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