Parenting Young Children (PARYC): Validation of a Self-Report Parenting Measure

Abstract

The measurement of parenting behaviors is important to the field of psychology and the goal of remediating problematic parenting as a means of reducing child problem behaviors. The Parenting Young Children (PARYC) is a self-report measure designed to address parenting behaviors relevant for the caregivers of young children, and was assessed in sample of 579 high risk families. The measure assesses the frequency of several parenting behaviors, the perception of the parenting behaviors as problematic, and the degree to which the caregiver would like to make changes in specific parenting skills. An examination of the validity of the parenting behavior items revealed three parenting scales: (1) Supporting Positive Behavior (2) Setting Limits, and (3) Proactive Parenting. Confirmatory factor analysis results corroborate the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, supporting the measurement structure of these parenting scales. Tests of convergent validity indicate the PARYC scale is a suitable measure of parenting behaviors. In addition, the self-perception of parenting behaviors as problematic predicted concurrent levels of service utilization while controlling for simultaneous child behavior problems.

Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children: a randomized controlled trial of a parenting program in South Africa to prevent harsh parenting and child conduct problems

“…Parenting and child behavior were the primary outcomes, assessed from multiple perspectives. For self‐reported parenting, we used Setting Limits and Supporting Positive Behavior subscales of the Parenting Young Children Scale (PARYC; McEachern et al., ), grouped together as “Positive Parenting.” Nonviolent discipline, and psychological and physical punishment, were assessed using the ICAST‐Parent Report (Runyan et al., ), adapted for trial use by asking only about the past month. Child behavior in the past month was assessed using the ECBI (Eyberg & Ross, ) intensity and problem scales.…”

The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS): Development and Psychometric Properties

“…An exhaustive inclusion of all parenting measures was not possible but the choice of these eight scales was guided by five criteria: (1) freely available; (2) commonly used and cited based on PsycINFO searches of research on parenting published in top psychological journals; (3) representation of key parenting constructs within the warmth, behavioral control, and hostile behavior domains (not necessarily all); (4) a format amenable to being merged into a single measure; and (5) having a parent-report version of the scale that is relatively brief (e.g., < 100 items). The eight measures chosen were: The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Shelton, Frick, & Wootton, 1996), the Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Robinson et al, 1995); The Parenting Scale (Arnold et al, 1993); the Management of Children’s Behavior Scale (Pereppletchikova & Kazdin, 2004); the Children’s Report of Parenting Behavior Inventory (Shaefer, 1965), the Parent Behavior Inventory (Lovejoy et al, 1999); the Parenting Young Children scale (McEachern et al, 2012); and the Parental Monitoring Scale (Stattin & Kerr, 2000). Further information about these measures and their psychometric properties can be found in the online Supplemental Appendix.…”

The Association of Parent Mindfulness with Parenting and Youth Psychopathology Across Three Developmental Stages

“…MAPS items were selected and adapted from several well-established parenting scales: The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ; Frick, 1991), the Parenting Practices Questionnaire (PPQ; Block, 1965; Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 1995), the Parenting Scale (PS; Arnold, O'Leary, Wolff, & Acker, 1993), the Management of Children's Behavior Inventory (MCBS; Pereppletchikova & Kazdin, 2004), the parent report version of the Children's Report of Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965; Schludermann, & Schludermann, 1988), the Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI; Lovejoy, Weis, O'Hare, & Rubin, 1999), the Parenting Young Children scale (PARYC; McEachern, Dishion, Weaver, Shaw, Wilson, & Gardner, 2012), and the Parental Monitoring scale (PM; Stattin & Kerr, 2000). …”