Abstract:BackgroundDespite their wide usage, it has recently been suggested that stroller use may reduce physical activity levels of young children. However, there have been no studies on stroller use as it relates to physical activity outcomes. The objectives of this study were to understand the context of stroller use for young children and parents’ perceptions of the relationship between stroller use and their children’s physical activity.MethodsParents of children 1 to 5 years of age were recruited through two site… Show more
“…These barriers also meant that parents tended to use less active modes of transport (i.e. stroller and car ) as they were more convenient and often quicker, which further impacted their child's opportunities to be active. My mom never does anything with me, she just takes me places and leaves me there.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(P) usually just to get anywhere, popping out [for] groceries … heading to the park … basically anytime we need to get somewhere with a fairly tight timeline [we use the stroller]. (P) …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clearly, younger children will likely benefit from screen time promoting pro‐social behaviour. However, parents frequently acknowledged that media use was a major barrier to their children's physical activity . Providing strategies to reduce entertainment‐based screen time in favour of other developmentally appropriate activities may help parents reduce their reliance on sedentary behaviours involving entertainment‐based media.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(P) (68) A child's own preferences for more sedentary behaviours were cited as largely negative influences by parents (26,56,57) and care providers (27,54). Parents and carers also stated that children generally had a preference for use of electronic media over more active pursuits (28)(29)(30)(31)52,56,(58)(59)(60). Other adults did however state that children could be active or indeed be encouraged to be more active when in front of the TV (29,32,33).…”
SummaryPositive activity behaviours (i.e. higher physical activity [PA]/lower sedentary behaviour [SB]) are beneficial from infancy, yet evidence suggests that young children (0‐ to 6‐year‐olds) are relatively inactive. To better understand the perceived influences on these behaviours and to aid intervention development, this paper systematically synthesizes the extensive qualitative literature regarding perceived barriers and facilitators to PA and SB in young children (0–6 years old). A search of eight electronic databases (July 2016) identified 43 papers for inclusion. Data extraction and evidence synthesis were conducted using thematic content analysis, underpinned by the socio‐ecological model (i.e. individual, interpersonal, community, organizational and policy levels). Parents, childcare providers and children perceived seven broad themes to be important for PA and SB, including the child; the home; out‐of‐home childcare; parent–childcare provider interactions; environmental factors; safety; and weather. Each theme mapped onto between one and five levels of the socio‐ecological model; barriers and facilitators at the interpersonal level (e.g. parents, care providers and family) were most frequently cited, reflecting the important (perceived) role adults/peers play in shaping young children's behaviours. We provide an overarching framework to explain PA and SB in early childhood. We also highlight where gaps in the current literature exist (e.g. from male carers; in developing countries; and barriers and facilitators in the environmental and policy domains) and where future quantitative work may focus to provide novel insights about children's activity behaviours (e.g. safety and weather).
“…These barriers also meant that parents tended to use less active modes of transport (i.e. stroller and car ) as they were more convenient and often quicker, which further impacted their child's opportunities to be active. My mom never does anything with me, she just takes me places and leaves me there.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(P) usually just to get anywhere, popping out [for] groceries … heading to the park … basically anytime we need to get somewhere with a fairly tight timeline [we use the stroller]. (P) …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clearly, younger children will likely benefit from screen time promoting pro‐social behaviour. However, parents frequently acknowledged that media use was a major barrier to their children's physical activity . Providing strategies to reduce entertainment‐based screen time in favour of other developmentally appropriate activities may help parents reduce their reliance on sedentary behaviours involving entertainment‐based media.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(P) (68) A child's own preferences for more sedentary behaviours were cited as largely negative influences by parents (26,56,57) and care providers (27,54). Parents and carers also stated that children generally had a preference for use of electronic media over more active pursuits (28)(29)(30)(31)52,56,(58)(59)(60). Other adults did however state that children could be active or indeed be encouraged to be more active when in front of the TV (29,32,33).…”
SummaryPositive activity behaviours (i.e. higher physical activity [PA]/lower sedentary behaviour [SB]) are beneficial from infancy, yet evidence suggests that young children (0‐ to 6‐year‐olds) are relatively inactive. To better understand the perceived influences on these behaviours and to aid intervention development, this paper systematically synthesizes the extensive qualitative literature regarding perceived barriers and facilitators to PA and SB in young children (0–6 years old). A search of eight electronic databases (July 2016) identified 43 papers for inclusion. Data extraction and evidence synthesis were conducted using thematic content analysis, underpinned by the socio‐ecological model (i.e. individual, interpersonal, community, organizational and policy levels). Parents, childcare providers and children perceived seven broad themes to be important for PA and SB, including the child; the home; out‐of‐home childcare; parent–childcare provider interactions; environmental factors; safety; and weather. Each theme mapped onto between one and five levels of the socio‐ecological model; barriers and facilitators at the interpersonal level (e.g. parents, care providers and family) were most frequently cited, reflecting the important (perceived) role adults/peers play in shaping young children's behaviours. We provide an overarching framework to explain PA and SB in early childhood. We also highlight where gaps in the current literature exist (e.g. from male carers; in developing countries; and barriers and facilitators in the environmental and policy domains) and where future quantitative work may focus to provide novel insights about children's activity behaviours (e.g. safety and weather).
“…Market research shows that 99% of new mothers own a stroller, while only 17% own a backpack (American Baby Group, 2006). Birken et al (2015) report wide use of strollers (e.g., 5.8 million sold in the United States in 1998 alone), with families owning two to three strollers on average despite the possibility that strollers increase passivity, restrict movement, and reduce physical activity. Although caregivers prefer strollers to backpacks, these different modes of infant transport may not equally optimize developmental opportunities in part because they put infants in different postures relative to the environment (Adolph, 2014), different proximity to caregivers, and different states of alertness (Fredrickson & Brown, 1975).…”
Strollers and backpacks are employed early, frequently and throughout the first year, with parents overwhelmingly using strollers. However, because these transport modalities put infants in different proximities to caregivers, postures, and states of alertness, their use may translate to different opportunities that are of developmental consequence, particularly with regard to language. We used GoPro technology in a within subjects counter-balanced design to measure dyadic vocalizations in strollers and backpacks with 7-to-11-month-old infants. Parent-infant dyads (=36), who regularly used both transport modes took two 8-minute walks in their own neighborhoods using their own carriers while wearing lightweight head-mounted GoPros. There was significantly more parent speech, infant vocalizations, dyadic conversations and infant-initiated speech in backpacks, as well as more head motion consistent with visual scanning by infants. Backpacks appear to be a practical way to encourage more engaging, language-enriched developmental opportunities in the critical first year.
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