Paricalcitol Protects Peritoneal Membrane Function in Encapsulating

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:The most lethal complication of peritoneal dialysis is encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), which develops as a result of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and known fibrotic processes. Paricalcitol has previously been shown to inhibit both EMT and fibrosis. We investigated the effect of paricalcitol on EPS. MATERIAL and METHODS:Forty non-uremic albino Wistar rats divided into four groups of equal numbers. The first group was administered 2 mL saline intraperitoneally (IP) and the second group was administered 2 mL of 200 gram chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) (0.1%) dissolved in saline and ethanol (15%) IP. The treatment groups received CG for three weeks in addition to subcutaneous paricalcitol at a dose of 0.2 mcg/kg/day to the third group and 0.4 mcg/kg/day to the fourth group. A one-hour peritoneal equilibration test was performed with 25 mL 3.86% PD solution at the end of the study. Peritoneal membrane and intracardiac blood samples were obtained.RESULTS: D/P urea was significantly low in both treatment groups when compared to group 2 (p<0.05). Paricalcitol co-treatment recovered ultrafitration failure and peritoneal membrane thickness was better paricalcitol groups but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION:Paricalcitol can be effective in the protection of peritoneal functions.KEy wORDS: Paricalcitol, Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, Peritoneal membrane permeability, Ultrafiltration failure, Peritoneal membrane function Öz AMAÇ: Periton diyalizinin en öldürücü komplikasyonu olan enkapsüle peritoneal sklerozis (EPS), epithelio-mezenkimal dönüşüm (EMT) ve bilinen fibrotik süreçlerinin bir sonucunda meydana gelir. Parikalsitolün EMT' yi engellediği ve antifibrotik özelliklerinin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, deneysel EPS modeli üzerinde parikalsitolün etkisini araştırmaktır. GEREÇ ve yÖNTEMLER:Kırk adet üremik olmayan 200-220 gram ağırlığında, albino wistar cinsi, dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele eşit sayıda dört gruba ayrıldı. Üç hafta süreyle birinci gruba intraperitoneal (İP) 2 mL serum fizyolojik verildi, ikinci gruba 2 mL/ 200 gram serum fizyolojik içinde çözünmüş klorheksidin glükonat (KG) (%0,1) ve etanol (%15) İP verildi. Üçüncü ve dördüncü gruba üç hafta boyunca KG ile birlikte sırasıyla 0,2 mcg/kg/gün ve 0,4 mcg/kg/gün derialtı parikalsitol yapıldı. Çalışma sonunda, tüm gruplara 1 saatlik 25mL %3,86 PD solüsyonu ile periton eşitleme testi yapıldı. Peritoneal sıvı, intrakardiyak kan örnekleri elde edildi ve patolojik inceleme için peritonun İP uygulama yapılmayan tarafı alındı. TGF-β1 düzeyi periton sıvısından çalışıldı.BULGULAR: D/P üre parikalsitol alan gruplarda grup 2 ile karşılaştırıldığında belirgin olarak daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Parikalsitol tedavisi doz bağımlı olarak ultrafiltrasyon kaybını azalttı, aynı zamanda parikalsitol alan sıçanlarda periton kalınlığı daha azdı. Ancak bu iki bulguda istatiksel olarak anlamlılı...

Characterization of perlite powders from Izmir, Türkiye region

“…Previous studies that performed thermogravimetric analysis of pre-processed perlites reported that 2-5% of the sample corresponded to the volatile content (Barker et al, 2006;Gül, 2016;Haery, 2017). In this study, 4.81%, 2.76% and 3.62% of the samples belonged to the volatile content for "h", "f", and "g" perlites, respectively.…”

“…In literature, this approach of optical microscopy to SEM analysis were also used (Palomar and Barluenga, 2018). Not-flake shaped perlites were observed in the pre-processed perlites f, g, and h. While particles with a spongy and cracky shaped perlites were reported in several studies (Kaufhold et al, 2014;Gül, 2016;Pavlík and Bisaha, 2018;Vyšvařil et al, 2020), in this study flake-shaped perlites were observed as pulverized expanded perlites a, b, c, d, e in geometry wise. After obtaining from mine, raw perlites were crushed to coarse, fine, and micronized form in second industrial facility where perlites keep their unexpanded form.…”

“…This difference was probably related to the expansion ability of perlite. As a result of this ability, weight losses were observed due to the release of molecular water in the closed cell pores of raw perlites with the increase in temperature during the test (Kabra et al, 2013;Gül, 2016;Cabuk et al, 2018;Reka et al, 2019).…”

“…Perlite is a type of volcanic rock, that generally contains more than 60% alumina and silica contents (Barker et al, 2006;Gül, 2016;Haery, 2017). The name is derived from the word "perle", meaning pearl, due to the observed pearl brightness when broken into small spheres.…”

“…The name is derived from the word "perle", meaning pearl, due to the observed pearl brightness when broken into small spheres. Perlite differs from other volcanic glasses in that its volume expands 4-20 times of its original volume when heated quickly to 760-980 °C (Torab-Mostaedi et al, 2010;Maxim et al, 2014;Gül, 2016), transforming crushed perlite into a highly porous, low density, white form, named expanded perlite. Commonly, the term perlite is used for both the raw and expanded form.…”