Parietal alpha underlies slower cognitive responses during interference processing in adolescents

Mo, Zihao; Grennan, Gillian; Kulkarni, Atharv; Ramanathan, Dhakshin; Balasubramani, Pragathi Priyadharsini; Mishra, Jyoti

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114356

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…We then investigated whether consistency of interoceptive attention is a meaningful marker of cognition by investigating whether it can predict performance on exteroceptive cognitive tasks that participants performed in the same session. All participants completed a standard set of cognitive tasks for inhibitory control (Go/NoGo task), interference processing (Flanker task), working memory (visuo-spatial delayed match to probe task), and an emotion bias task during the same experimental session as the interoceptive task; these tasks have been previously described in recent publications 36,39,44,54,55,57,60,61,77,78 . We calculated performance e ciency as a composite metric on each task as the product of the signal detection sensitivity metric, d-prime, and processing speed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all behavioral performance data, >3mad outlier data were removed prior to statistical analyses, with outlier data exclusion speci ed in advance based on our prior research 36,44,54,55 .…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neural Analyses. We applied a uniform processing pipeline to EEG data acquired on the interoceptive attention task as well as resting state data, as published in several of our studies 36,44,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] . This included: 1) data pre-processing, 2) computing the EEG power spectrum, and 3) cortical source localization of the EEG data to estimate source-level neural activity and connectivity.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression

Mishra,

Ramanathan,

Grennan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals is fundamental to mindfulness. However, it is difficult to measure objectively, and the vast majority of investigations of the neural correlates of mindfulness-based attention rely on subjective and retrospective measures of distraction. In this study, we measured consistency of response times on a breath-monitoring task (instruction to respond every two breath cycles) to objectively measure interoceptive attention in individuals across the lifespan (15–91 years of age, n = 324). Consistently timed responses were indicative of on-task attention, whereas variable delayed responses indicated distraction or mind-wandering. Signifying the importance of interoceptive attention consistency, we observed that this measure was positively correlated across subjects with performance across several exteroceptive cognitive tasks. Electroencephalographic (EEG) source reconstruction demonstrated that distraction on the eyes-closed task was associated with elevated alpha band (8–12 Hz) brain activity particularly in posterior default mode network (pDMN) brain regions. The neural data revealed four important findings: 1) pDMN brain activity was inversely linked with functional connectivity to the fronto-parietal network (FPN), suggesting that pDMN-FPN interactions play a key role in the regulation of pDMN activity during interoceptive attention. 2) pDMN activity on distracted trials was inversely correlated with trait level mindfulness. 3) A key hub of the pDMN, the isthmus region of the posterior cingulate cortex (ICC), showed elevated activity on distracted trials in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms. And 4) in an independent second experiment, pDMN activity was adaptively modulated by task difficulty that invoked different levels of distraction. These results identify an EEG-based neurophysiological marker (elevated pDMN alpha activity) underlying interoceptive distraction, which is correlated with subjective markers of mindfulness and depression and that can be adaptively modulated. Our findings, thus, provide a direct link between a neurophysiological substrate of interoceptive attention, and subjective ratings of mindfulness and depressed mood.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression

Mishra,

Ramanathan,

Grennan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…However, no differences were detected according to whether faces were emotional or neutral. Concerning adolescents, a recent study observed an interference of incongruent trials leading to slower response in both non-emotional flankers and flankers with superimposed emotional faces in 13-17-years old participants relative to young adults (Mo et al, 2023). Overall, the conclusion that top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in the processing of emotion processing mutually influence each other in a highly conditional way appears to extend from adults to children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Development of implicit and explicit attentional modulation of the processing of social cues conveyed by faces and bodies in children and adolescents

Oldrati,

Bardoni,

Poggi

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Emotions and sex of other people shape the way we interact in social environments. The influence of these dimensions on cognitive processing is recognized as a highly conditional phenomenon. While much of researches on the topic focused on adults, less evidence is available for the pediatric population. This study aimed at examining the development of the modulation of attention control on emotion and sex processing using facial and body expressions in children and adolescents (8–16 years old). In Experiment 1a, participants performed a Flanker task (probing space-based attention) in which they had to indicate either the emotion (happy/fearful) or the sex of the target stimulus while ignoring the distracting stimuli at the side. We found evidence for intrusion of the sex, but not emotion, of the stimuli during both sex and emotion recognition tasks, thus both at an explicit (i.e., task relevant) and implicit (i.e., task irrelevant) level. A control experiment consisting of an emotional Flanker task confirmed that, in contrast with previous findings in adults, emotion did not modulate attention control in children and adolescents even when task relevant (Experiment 1b). In Experiment 2 participants performed a same-or-different judgment task (probing feature-based attention) in which they indicated whether the central stimulus matched the lateral ones for emotion or sex. Results showed that emotional features exerted an implicit influence during sex judgements; likewise, sex features intruded on the processing of both faces and bodies during emotion judgments. Finally, Experiment 3 explored the development of the explicit attention modulation exerted by the sex dimension on the processing of faces and bodies. To this aim, participants performed a Flanker task in which they were asked to recognize the sex of faces and bodies. The results indicated that, while younger participants showed a task-relevant influence of sexual features when processing faces, older participants showed such influence when processing bodies. These findings point to a greater attentional modulation exerted by sex, as compared to emotion, during social processing in children and adolescents and suggest a developmental trend of the saliency of facial and bodily cues for the perception of others’ sex.

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“…We have implemented a scalable platform for measuring core aspects of cognition that delivers standard cognitive assessments synchronized with neural recordings using electroencephalography (EEG) 26,27 . We have validated the reliability of this BrainE© platform and shown its utility in measuring cognitive changes across the lifespan [28][29][30][31][32] . We also demonstrated its relevance to predict mental health [33][34][35][36] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mindfulness Coaching with Digital Lifestyle Monitoring Enhances Selective Attention in Medical Scientists

Jaiswal,

Nan,

Purpura

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Medical scientists have dual commitments to clinical care and research efforts. Such commitments can create hectic and stressful work schedules, which may impact on well-being and cognition. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mindfulness coaching plus wearable-based lifestyle monitoring can benefit such individuals. We conducted a waitlist-controlled intervention study (n=43) with M.D./Ph.D. preclinical or graduate students and post M.D./Ph.D. trainees/faculty. Assessments of quantitative outcomes included subjective measures of burnout, mindfulness, self-compassion, and well-being, as well as objective cognitive assessments. The results showed no impacts on subjective measures. However, amongst objective cognitive measures, selective attention performance was significantly improved following the intervention (bias corrected effect size, Hedges’ g = 1.13, p=0.005). Extent of improvement in selective attention correlated with suppression of visual alpha oscillations – a neural marker for distractibility - measured using electroencephalography (EEG) (r=-0.32, p<0.05). Qualitative feedback showed that after receiving the intervention, participants in both groups equally rated the overall experience as “very good” (3.70 ±0.98 out 5). They also appreciated that the intervention emphasized healthy lifestyle behaviors, and contributed to mindfulness, compassion, and a sense of community. A majority (57%) of the participants reported that they expect to change their well-being related behaviors because of the intervention. Overall, this study suggests the utility of mindfulness coaching to improve selective attention skills in medical scientists and that more needs to be done to enhance subjective well-being in such individuals.

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Parietal alpha underlies slower cognitive responses during interference processing in adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 91 publications

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression

Development of implicit and explicit attentional modulation of the processing of social cues conveyed by faces and bodies in children and adolescents

Mindfulness Coaching with Digital Lifestyle Monitoring Enhances Selective Attention in Medical Scientists

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Parietal alpha underlies slower cognitive responses during interference processing in adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 91 publications

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness &amp; depression

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness &amp; depression

Development of implicit and explicit attentional modulation of the processing of social cues conveyed by faces and bodies in children and adolescents

Mindfulness Coaching with Digital Lifestyle Monitoring Enhances Selective Attention in Medical Scientists

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression

Posterior default mode network activity underlies distracted interoceptive attention and provides an objective basis for low mindfulness & depression