Parietal lesion effects on cued recall following pair associate learnin g

Ben-Zvi, Shir; Soroker, Nachum; Levy, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.009

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…This view is also supported by studies on spatial (26) and episodic memory, where precuneus activation has been shown during recognition as well as cued recall (10,27) and parietal lesions disrupt recall performance (28,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Rapid and independent memory formation in the parietal cortex

Brodt

Pöhlchen

Flanagin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

116

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Previous evidence indicates that the brain stores memory in two complementary systems, allowing both rapid plasticity and stable representations at different sites. For memory to be established in a long-lasting neocortical store, many learning repetitions are considered necessary after initial encoding into hippocampal circuits. To elucidate the dynamics of hippocampal and neocortical contributions to the early phases of memory formation, we closely followed changes in human functional brain activity while volunteers navigated through two different, initially unknown virtual environments. In one condition, they were able to encode new information continuously about the spatial layout of the maze. In the control condition, no information could be learned because the layout changed constantly. Our results show that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) encodes memories for spatial locations rapidly, beginning already with the first visit to a location and steadily increasing activity with each additional encounter. Hippocampal activity and connectivity between the PPC and hippocampus, on the other hand, are strongest during initial encoding, and both decline with additional encounters. Importantly, stronger PPC activity related to higher memory-based performance. Compared with the nonlearnable control condition, PPC activity in the learned environment remained elevated after a 24-h interval, indicating a stable change. Our findings reflect the rapid creation of a memory representation in the PPC, which belongs to a recently proposed parietal memory network. The emerging parietal representation is specific for individual episodes of experience, predicts behavior, and remains stable over offline periods, and must therefore hold a mnemonic function.long-term memory | posterior parietal cortex | precuneus | memory systems consolidation | virtual reality L earning enables adaptive and effective interaction with the environment based on past experience. How this essential capability of the brain to encode, store, and later retrieve new information is implemented on the systems level has been the focus of many studies. However, although there is consistent evidence that specific brain regions are involved in learning and memory, the interactions between these regions and their temporal dynamics remain unclear. For declarative memory, one influential model proposes complementary roles of the hippocampus and neocortex in supporting memory representations (1-3). It assumes that the highly plastic hippocampus serves as a fast learner, transiently storing newly encountered information. Later on, this information is gradually integrated into more stable neocortical networks (4).Many experiments in animals and humans have confirmed decreased hippocampal but increased neocortical contributions to memory retrieval with longer consolidation intervals (5-7). Concerning the time frame during which hippocampal independence of a memory is established, accounts diverge widely. In the case of patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) dama...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Rapid and independent memory formation in the parietal cortex

Brodt

Pöhlchen

Flanagin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, during recognition memory decisions, activity in left lateral IPS is greater during higher confidence hits and monotonically decreases across lower confidence hits to lower confidence correct rejections (CRs) to higher confidence CRs (15-17). By contrast, activity in left SPL is greater during lower confidence recognition decisions (for both hits and correct rejections) relative to higher confidence decisions (11,16,17).Studies of patients with PPC lesions demonstrate a complex pattern of effects on memory, with performance spared on some measures of episodic memory, but impaired as measured by retrieval confidence, memory for source details, and cued recall (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). For example, a recent study of two patients with bilateral IPS lesions revealed unimpaired recognition memory accuracy, but a reduction in high confidence hits and false alarms relative to matched controls (22).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Studies of patients with PPC lesions demonstrate a complex pattern of effects on memory, with performance spared on some measures of episodic memory, but impaired as measured by retrieval confidence, memory for source details, and cued recall (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). For example, a recent study of two patients with bilateral IPS lesions revealed unimpaired recognition memory accuracy, but a reduction in high confidence hits and false alarms relative to matched controls (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocorticography reveals the temporal dynamics of posterior parietal cortical activity during recognition memory decisions

Gonzalez

Hutchinson

Uncapher

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Theories of the neurobiology of episodic memory predominantly focus on the contributions of medial temporal lobe structures, based on extensive lesion, electrophysiological, and imaging evidence. Against this backdrop, functional neuroimaging data have unexpectedly implicated left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in episodic retrieval, revealing distinct activation patterns in PPC subregions as humans make memory-related decisions. To date, theorizing about the functional contributions of PPC has been hampered by the absence of information about the temporal dynamics of PPC activity as retrieval unfolds. Here, we leveraged electrocorticography to examine the temporal profile of high gamma power (HGP) in dorsal PPC subregions as participants made old/new recognition memory decisions. A double dissociation in memory-related HGP was observed, with activity in left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and left superior parietal lobule (SPL) differing in time and sign for recognized old items (Hits) and correctly rejected novel items (CRs). Specifically, HGP in left IPS increased for Hits 300-700 ms poststimulus onset, and decayed to baseline ∼200 ms preresponse. By contrast, HGP in left SPL increased for CRs early after stimulus onset (200−300 ms) and late in the memory decision (from 700 ms to response). These memory-related effects were unique to left PPC, as they were not observed in right PPC. Finally, memory-related HGP in left IPS and SPL was sufficiently reliable to enable brain-based decoding of the participant's memory state at the single-trial level, using multivariate pattern classification. Collectively, these data provide insights into left PPC temporal dynamics as humans make recognition memory decisions.intracranial EEG | declarative memory | decision making | multivariate pattern analysis | ECoG T he ability to remember past events-episodic memory-is known to critically depend on medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures (1, 2) and their interaction with prefrontal cortex (3). Neuroimaging studies of humans making memory-based decisions, although advancing understanding of MTL and prefrontal mnemonic function (4-8), consistently and unexpectedly demonstrate that activity in left lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) also varies with episodic memory outcomes (9-14). In particular, functional MRI (fMRI) data reveal dissociable effects of memory on activity in left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and angular gyrus (AG), wherein activity tracks perceived memory strength, retrieval decision uncertainty, and episodic recollection, respectively (9-14). For example, during recognition memory decisions, activity in left lateral IPS is greater during higher confidence hits and monotonically decreases across lower confidence hits to lower confidence correct rejections (CRs) to higher confidence CRs (15-17). By contrast, activity in left SPL is greater during lower confidence recognition decisions (for both hits and correct rejections) relative to higher confidence decisions (11,16,17).Studies of ...

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“…Some studies suggested that episodic memory functions are normal in patients with LPPC lesions Haramati et al, 2008;Simons et al, 2008); others reported that A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 LPPC lesions result in subtle memory deficits that are related to the conscious awareness of, or confidence in, the retrieved information (Berryhill et al, 2007;Davidson et al, 2008;Simons et al, 2010). This inconsistency may be a result of the limitation of patient studies in that compensatory mechanisms might have occurred such that memory performance has been restored after the LPPC lesions (Schoo et al, 2011, Ben-Zvi, Soroker, & Levy, 2015.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted in the Introduction, a potential problem for patient studies is that compensatory mechanisms might have occurred such that memory performance has been restored after the LPPC lesions (Schoo et al, 2011). Indeed, a recent patient study that tested first incident stroke patients within an early post-stroke time window showed that lesions in the lateral posterior parietal region, particularly the angular gyrus, result in deficit in recollection retrievals that are tested in a demanding form (Ben-Zvi, Soroker, & Levy, 2015). This might explain why deficits in recollection-based recognition were seldom reported in previous neuropsychological studies.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%