Parity and Eating Habits Trigger Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Nutrition of pregnant women is related to the welfare of the fetus they contain. Chronic energy deficiency (CED) during pregnancy is a trigger for cases of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, bleeding and premature rupture of membranes. Therefore, nutritional adequacy is something that needs to be considered, both before, during and after pregnancy ends. This research is an observational study using a case control design. This study aims to explore the factors that cause chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women. The sample used was 120 respondents who were divided into case and control groups with a ratio of 1:2. The results showed that the proportion of CED incidence was 33.3%, low education was 97.5%, risk parity was 43.3%, family income was below the district minimum wage (DMW) 60%, LILA was less than 23.5 cm 33.3%. , BMI <18.5 22.5%, anemia 31.67%, and unhealthy food consumption habits 69.16%. There is a relationship between parity, family income, anemia, and unhealthy eating habits with the incidence of CED, and there is no relationship between education and the incidence of CED. It is necessary to use appropriate technology as much as possible, such as social media in providing assistance in overcoming CED and the existence of cross-sectoral cooperation in increasing the use of home gardens for families to fulfill family nutrition.

Relationship between age, occupation, education, and parity with the chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women

“…Our study revealed no statistically significant association between education and the risk of CED in pregnant women (p=0.127). Similarly, some studies found that education had no significant association with the risk of CED in pregnant women [10], [21]. The results of this study contradict another study conducted by Hanifah [18], which divided education into two categories (high and low) and showed a relationship between education and the risk of CED for pregnant women.…”

“…Thus, the mother needs sufficient energy to heal after delivery and supports fetal growth when she gets pregnant again. Principally, maternal nutritional status before pregnancy plays an important role [21]. In our study, pregnant women with parity at risk may have planned the spacing of their pregnancies so that the mother can recover fully from childbirth and have a good nutritional status.…”