Parity non-conservation and electric dipole moments in caesium and thallium

Hartley, A C; Lindroth, Eva; Pendrill, Ann-Marie

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/23/19/023

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Further calculations to consider correlation effects, however, gave dramatically reduced results, namely, R -301 by Kraftmakher [7] and R = -179 by Hartley, Lindroth, and Martensson-Pendrill [8]. All these abinitio calculation results were quite different from the semiempirical estimates, e. g., R -716 given by Sandars and Sternheimer [9], R -500 by Flambaum [10], R -502--607 by Johnson eral.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…The correlation effects between configurations consisting of these states play significant roles. Thus the behavior of Tl in MBPT differs from that in alkali-metal atoms, as discussed by several authors [7,8,11]. In particular, Kraftmakher [7] carried out a calculation to treat the mixing between the 6s 6pilz and 6s6p~i2 states which gave R= -356, and pointed out that the uncalculated corrections of higher orders might also be large.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…In order to obtain the all-order energy correction and the correlation of the 6sIy2 state with other core states, we solve Eq. (7a) as a matrix equation + V2TlS2, W(T )... "=B (9) D2T2 HEDMS2+ V2(TI + T2) + V2TIS2~(7b) +S2+ZT l S2+c.c.+ M"" (8) where c.c. means complex conjugated terms, and M" ' is the contribution from the normalization factor [2Q].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, Eq. (12) is the basic equation to produce perturbed orbitals and plays an important role in the other MBPT calculations [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of atomic electric dipole moment in thallium by all-order calculations in many-body perturbation theory

Liu

Kelly

1992

Phys. Rev. A

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A procedure is presented for calculations of double-perturbation problems in the coupled-cluster formalism. With use of this method to include to all orders the correlation effects of single and pair excitations, the enhancement factor R--585 is obtained for the electric dipole moment (EDM) in atomic thallium.Equations for EDM perturbed single-excitation amplitudes are solved by diagonalization to take into account mixing between excited core states, and perturbed pair functions are introduced to incorporate correlation effects. Considering contributions from higher-order perturbation terms, we estimate the accuracy of the obtained enhancement factor is approximately at the 5-10% level.PACS number(s): 31.20.Tz, 31.90.+s, 35.10.Wb, 35.10.Di The neutral thallium atom, due to its high Z and high polarizability ao, has been extensively studied to search for a possible electric dipole moment (EDM), which can exist only if parity (P) and time-reversed invariance (T) are violated [1]. According to Sandars [2], the ratio of the atomic to the electron EDM is of order Z3a tto, which indicates that the enhancement factor for Tl is expected to be greater than 100. The first experimental limit for the EDM of the 6p~lq state in Tl was obtained bythen, continuous efforts have been made to lower the upper limit by 3 orders of magnitude. In a recent atomic-beam experiment, Abdullah etal. [4] obtained a limit dT1=(1.6 + 5.0) &10 ecm, which, when converted to the electron EDM, is close to the range capable of testing some theoretical models of charge-parity (CP) violation. In fact, the value of d"() 10 ecm) produced by a Higgs-Boson model [5] is already at this level. Motivated by progress in experiments, several atomic calculations have provided the enhancement factor R for Tl. Johnson etal. [6] obtained R -1041 by calculating first-order corrections in many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). Further calculations to consider correlation effects, however, gave dramatically reduced results, namely, R -301 by Kraftmakher [7] and R = -179 by Hartley, Lindroth, and Martensson-Pendrill [8]. All these abinitio calculation results were quite different from the semiempirical estimates, e. g., R -716 given by Sandars and Sternheimer[9], R -500 by Flambaum [10], R -502--607 by Johnson eral. [6]. Therefore it is clearly of great interest to obtain a reliable value of the atomic EDM enhancement factor for Tl, which not only provides an important parameter to set the upper limit of the electron EDM, but also can clarify the discrepancies of different calculations.The ground state of Tl has one unpaired electron 6pig outside closed shells, so that it can be treated as an alkalimetal atom. However, the last filled shel16s is relatively loosely bound, and can mix strongly with the valence 6p]g2 state and virtual 6py2, 6d3i2, 6dy2 states. The correlation effects between configurations consisting of these states play significant roles. Thus the behavior of Tl in MBPT differs from that in alkali-metal atoms, as discussed by several authors [7,8,11]....

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confidence: 86%

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confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Eq. (12) is the basic equation to produce perturbed orbitals and plays an important role in the other MBPT calculations [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of atomic electric dipole moment in thallium by all-order calculations in many-body perturbation theory

Liu

Kelly

1992

Phys. Rev. A

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“…[19]). Silver atoms have an EDM enhancement factor (the ratio of the EDM of an atom to that of a free electron) of ≈ 51 [44], which is only a factor of two smaller than ≈ 114 for cesium [45]. For gold atoms, the enhancement factor is even larger: ≈ 250 [46,47].…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of Dry Powder Clots Using Piezoelectric Drop Generator

Lee¹

2002

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We have demonstrated that piezoelectrically driven, squeeze mode, tubular reservoir liquid drop generation, originally developed as a "drop-on-demand" method for ejection of microdrops of pure liquid or liquid suspensions of powdered bulk materials, can successfully operate with dry powder. Spherical silver powder with maximum particle diameter of 20 µm (-635 mesh) was loaded into and ejected from a 100 µm orifice glass dropper with flat piezoelectric disk driver.Time of flight experiments were performed to optimize the dropper operation parameters and to determine the size and velocity of the ejected particles. It was found that at certain values of the amplitude, duration, and repetition rate of the voltage pulses applied to the dropper piezoelectric disk, one can produce ejection of powder clots of a stable size, comparable with the dropper orifice diameter.In contrast to the dropper operation with a liquid, in the case of silver powder, a clot is not ejected at each high voltage pulse, but quasi-periodically with an interval corresponding to thousands of pulses. The application of the dry powder clot generation technique for injection of atoms into helium buffer gas at cryogenic temperatures is discussed.

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Parity Nonconserving Effects in Atoms

Sapirstein¹

2006

Springer Handbooks

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Parity non-conservation and electric dipole moments in caesium and thallium

Cited by 49 publications

References 67 publications

Analysis of atomic electric dipole moment in thallium by all-order calculations in many-body perturbation theory

Analysis of atomic electric dipole moment in thallium by all-order calculations in many-body perturbation theory

Production of Dry Powder Clots Using Piezoelectric Drop Generator

Parity Nonconserving Effects in Atoms

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