Parity-Violating Electron Scattering from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>and the Strange Electric Form Factor of the Nucleon

Aniol, K.; Armstrong, David; Averett, T.; Benaoum, H.; Bertin, P.Y.; Burtin, E.; Cahoon, J.L.; Cates, G. D.; Chang, C. C.; Chao, Yu‐Chiu; Chen, J. P.; Choi, S.; Chudakov, E.; Craver, B.; Cusanno, F.; Decowski, P.; Deepa, D.; Ferdi, C.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Finn, J. M.; Frullani, S.; Fuoti, K.; Garibaldi, F.; Gilman, R.; Glamazdin, A.; Gorbenko, V.; Grames, J.; Hansknecht, J.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Holmes, R.; Holmstrom, T.; Humensky, T. B.; Ibrahim, H.; Jager, C. W. de; Jiang, X.; Kaufman, L. J.; Kelleher, A.; Kolarkar, A.; Kowalski, S.; Kumar, Krishna; Lambert, D.; LaViolette, Paul A.; LeRose, J.; Lhuillier, D.; Liyanage, N.; Margaziotis, D. J.; Mazouz, M.; McCormick, K.; Meekins, D.; Meziani, Z. E.; Michaels, R.; Moffit, B.; Muñoz-Camacho, C.; Nanda, S.; Nelyubin, V.; Neyret, D.; Paschke, K.; Poelker, M.; Pomatsalyuk, R.; Qiang, Y.; Reitz, B.; Roche, J.; Saha, A.; Singh, J.; Snyder, R.; Souder, P. A.; Subedi, R.; Suleiman, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Tobias, W. A.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Vacheret, A.; Voutier, E.; Wang, K.; Wilson, Richard; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Zheng, X.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.022003

Cited by 149 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The uncertainty of the asymmetry reported here is less than that of previous parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] directed at obtaining hadronic axial and strange form-factor information [22]. The theoretical interpretability of the Q weak measurement is very clean as it relies primarily on those previous PVES data instead of theoretical calculations to account for residual hadronic structure effects, which are significantly suppressed at the kinematics of this experiment.…”

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confidence: 72%

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First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

Androić¹,

Ds²,

Asaturyan³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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130

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confidence: 72%

“…Following the procedure outlined in [6,22], a global fit of asymmetries measured in PVES [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] on hydrogen, deuterium, and 4 He targets was used to extract Q p W from Eq. (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

Androić¹,

Ds²,

Asaturyan³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Self Cite

130

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“…In order to elucidate the origin of these features, let us first capitalise on the fact that the s-quark contributes very little to nucleon electromagnetic form factors [82][83][84] and therefore write…”

Section: Gevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleon and $${\Delta}$$ Δ Elastic and Transition Form Factors

et al. 2014

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We present a unified study of nucleon and ∆ elastic and transition form factors, and compare predictions made using a framework built upon a Faddeev equation kernel and interaction vertices that possess QCD-like momentum dependence with results obtained using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector ⊗ vector contact-interaction. The comparison emphasises that experiments are sensitive to the momentum dependence of the running couplings and masses in the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model and highlights that the key to describing hadron properties is a veracious expression of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the bound-state problem. Amongst the results we describe, the following are of particular interest:possesses a zero at Q 2 = 9.5 GeV 2 ; any change in the interaction which shifts a zero in the proton ratio to larger Q 2 relocates a zero inthere is likely a value of momentum transfer above which G n E > G p E ; and the presence of strong diquark correlations within the nucleon is sufficient to understand empirical extractions of the flavour-separated form factors. Regarding the ∆(1232)-baryon, we find that, inter alia: the electric monopole form factor exhibits a zero; the electric quadrupole form factor is negative, large in magnitude, and sensitive to the nature and strength of correlations in the ∆(1232) Faddeev amplitude; and the magnetic octupole form factor is negative so long as rest-frame P -and D-wave correlations are included. In connection with the N → ∆ transition, the momentum-dependence of the magnetic transition form factor, G * M , matches that of G n M once the momentum transfer is high enough to pierce the meson-cloud; and the electric quadrupole ratio is a keen measure of diquark and orbital angular momentum correlations, the zero in which is obscured by meson-cloud effects on the domain currently accessible to experiment. Importantly, within each framework, identical propagators and vertices are sufficient to describe all properties discussed herein. Our analysis and predictions should therefore serve as motivation for measurement of elastic and transition form factors involving the nucleon and its resonances at high photon virtualities using modern electron-beam facilities.

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“…a considerable number of experimental efforts by the SAMPLE, HAPPEX, G0, and A4 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Collaborations have been going on for the past two decades. The world data constrains that G s M (0) contributes less than 6% and r 2 s E contributes less than 5% to the magnetic moment and the mean-square charge radius of the proton respectively [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Strange Quark Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon at the Physical Point

et al. 2017

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We report a lattice QCD calculation of the strange quark contribution to the nucleon's magnetic moment and charge radius. This analysis presents the first direct determination of strange electromagnetic form factors including at the physical pion mass. We perform a model-independent extraction of the strange magnetic moment and the strange charge radius from the electromagnetic form factors in the momentum transfer range of 0.051 GeV 2 < ∼ Q 2 < ∼ 1.31 GeV 2 . The finite lattice spacing and finite volume corrections are included in a global fit with 24 valence quark masses on four lattices with different lattice spacings, different volumes, and four sea quark masses including one at the physical pion mass. We obtain the strange magnetic moment G s M (0) = −0.064(14)(09) µN . The four-sigma precision in statistics is achieved partly due to low-mode averaging of the quark loop and low-mode substitution to improve the statistics of the nucleon propagator. We also obtain the strange charge radius r 2 s E = −0.0043(16)(14) fm 2 .The determination of the strange (s) quark contribution to nucleon electromagnetic (EM) form factors is of immense importance since this is a pure sea quark effect. A nonzero value of the strange Sachs electric form factor (FF) G s E at any Q 2 = 0 would mean that the spatial distributions of s ands quarks are not the same in the nucleon. Since the extraction of the vector strange matrix elements N |sγ µ s|N was proposed in Refs. [1-3] via parity-violating e − N scattering for which the dominant contribution arises from interference between photon (γ) and weak boson (Z) exchanges by the following relation assuming isospin symmetry:a considerable number of experimental efforts by the SAMPLE, HAPPEX, G0, and A4 [4-15] Collaborations have been going on for the past two decades. The world data constrains that G s M (0) contributes less than 6% and r 2 s E contributes less than 5% to the magnetic moment and the mean-square charge radius of the proton respectively [16]. However, all these experimental results are limited by rather sizable error bars. Three different global analyses give G s M (Q 2 = 0.1 (GeV/c) 2 ) consistent with zero within uncertainties and differ in sign in their central values [17][18][19].Despite tremendous theoretical efforts, e.g. [20][21][22][23], a detailed convincing understanding about the sign and magnitude of strange EM FFs is still lacking. A detailed review of these theoretical efforts can be found in [24].Since the direct calculation of the s-quark loop in the (8) µ N and, for the first time, a nonzero signal for G s E (Q 2 ) which gave r 2 s E = −0.0067(25) fm 2 . However, one still has to perform the calculation at the physical pion mass and on several lattices to consider volume and finite cutoff corrections and over all beat down the noise to obtain a convincing result which will substantially sharpen our picture of strange quark contributions to the nucleon's EM structure.Conventionally, we omit the unit nucleon magneton µ N for G s M in the rest of the lette...

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Parity-Violating Electron Scattering fromHe4and the Strange Electric Form Factor of the Nucleon

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

Nucleon and $${\Delta}$$ Δ Elastic and Transition Form Factors

Strange Quark Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon at the Physical Point

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