Parity violation in atoms

Bouchiat, Marie-Anne; Bouchiat, C.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/60/11/004

Cited by 272 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Given the universality of this PVED, it has been suggested as a possible origin of biological homochirality, although due to its small value, the enantioselection would have taken place through powerful mechanisms of amplification as those involving nonlinear processes in systems far from equilibrium. 4,5 Although the weak interaction has been extensively studied and observed in atoms, 6,7 it has only been predicted in molecules. Electroweak quantum chemistry calculations predict the PVED to be between 10 À13 and 10 À21 eV [8][9][10][11] but no conclusive energy difference has been reported, for instance, in experimental spectroscopic studies of the CHBrClF molecule reaching an energy resolution of about 10 À15 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum stochastic resonance in parity violating chiral molecules

Bargueño

Miret‐Artés

Gonzalo

2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In order to explore parity violating effects in chiral molecules, of interest in some models of evolution towards homochirality, quantum stochastic resonance (QSR) is studied for the population difference between the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule (hence for the optical activity of the sample), under low viscous friction and in the deep quantum regime. The molecule is described by a two-state model in an asymmetric double well potential where the asymmetry is given by the known predicted parity violating energy difference (PVED) between enantiomers. In the linear response to an external driving field that lowers and rises alternatively each one of the minima of the well, a signal of QSR is predicted only in the case that the PVED is different from zero, the resonance condition being independent on tunneling between the two enantiomers. It is shown that, at resonance, the fluctuations of the first order contribution to the internal energy are zero. Due to the small value of the PVED, the resonance would occur in the ultracold regime. Some proposals concerning the external driving field are suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum stochastic resonance in parity violating chiral molecules

Bargueño

Miret‐Artés

Gonzalo

2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…These so called "forbidden transitions" have been traditionally used in astrophysical and plasma studies [1]. They now play a fundamental role in metrology [2] and have also been used in experiments testing parity nonconserving interactions in atoms [3].In early studies of forbidden transitions, Sayer et al [4] determined transition probabilities of electric quadrupole (E2) transitions using a tungsten lamp. The first direct observation of electric quadrupole effects in multiphoton ionization dates back to the work of Lambropoulos et al…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Direct evidence of excitation of the 5p 3/2 → 6p 3/2 electric dipole forbidden transition in atomic rubidium is presented. The experiments were performed in a room temperature rubidium cell with continuous wave extended cavity diode lasers. Optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy with counterpropagating beams allows the detection of the non-dipole transition free of Doppler broadening. The 5p 3/2 state is prepared by excitation with a laser locked to the maximum F cyclic transition of the D2 line, and the forbidden transition is produced by excitation with a 911 nm laser. Production of the forbidden transition is monitored by detection of the 420 nm fluorescence that results from decay of the 6p 3/2 state. Spectra with three narrow lines (≈ 13 MHz FWHM) with the characteristic F − 1, F and F + 1 splitting of the 6p 3/2 hyperfine structure in both rubidium isotopes were obtained. The results are in very good agreement with a direct calculation that takes into account the 5s → 5p 3/2 preparation dynamics, the 5p 3/2 → 6p 3/2 non-dipole excitation geometry and the 6p 3/2 → 5s 1/2 decay. The comparison also shows that the electric dipole forbidden transition is a very sensitive probe of the preparation dynamics.PACS numbers: 32.70. Cs,32.70.Fw While the electric dipole approximation is a cornerstone in the study of the interaction between optical radiation fields and atoms, transitions induced by optical fields beyond this approximation have also become important tools in basic and applied studies of atoms. These so called "forbidden transitions" have been traditionally used in astrophysical and plasma studies [1]. They now play a fundamental role in metrology [2] and have also been used in experiments testing parity nonconserving interactions in atoms [3].In early studies of forbidden transitions, Sayer et al. [4] determined transition probabilities of electric quadrupole (E2) transitions using a tungsten lamp. The first direct observation of electric quadrupole effects in multiphoton ionization dates back to the work of Lambropoulos et al.[5]. Electric-dipole-forbidden transitions were exploited in three-wave-mixing experiments for optical sum and difference frequency generation in [6].The use of intense continuous-wave or pulsed laser sources has facilitated the observation of weak absorption lines. For instance, Tojo et al.[7] reported a determination of the oscillator strength of a E2 transition with a temperature-controlled cell and an extended cavity diode laser. Also, the study of strongly forbidden J = 0 → J = 0 transitions via single-photon excitation is presented in [8]. Excitation of forbidden transitions involving states with nonzero angular momentum in alkali atoms have also been studied over the last few years [9][10][11][12][13]. The coherent mixing of waves is theoretically studied in [9] for n 1 2 P − n 2 2 P transitions. The excitation of the 5p → 8p forbidden transition in thermal rubidium atoms was produced with a pulsed laser in [10] and using cold atoms in [12]. The experiment with co...

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“…In addition, in this very experiment also for the first time a nuclear anapole moment could be observed. At present several projects are ongoing worldwide which aim towards improving further on these results [5].…”

Section: Atomic Parity Violationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context precision experiments with antiprotons [2], muons [3] or neutrons [4] are very advanced examples of accelerator or reactor based experiments at low energies, which aim to provide data and new observations towards resolving the open puzzles. Precise experiments on atomic parity violation [5] or searches for electric dipole moments on fundamental particles [6] are typically carried out in small scale laboratory experiments. Such approaches are complemented by searches for CPT or Lorentz invariance violations [7] which cover the full range of experimentally accessible energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Tests of Discrete Symmetries at Low Energies

Jungmann¹,

Dijck²,

Grasdijk³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP2016)

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Low energy precision measurements provide for precise testing of the Standard Model, e.g. in searches for violations of the discrete symmetries charge conjugation (C), parity (P) and time reversal (T) as well as their combinations CP and CPT. We focus here on new experiments concerning atomic parity violation (APV) and searches for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) in atoms. In particular, we address precision APV experiments on Ba + and Ra + single ions that will enable the extraction of the Weinberg angle at lowest presently accessible momentum transfer. They are expected to contribute towards searches for new particles such as dark Z-bosons. We also review experimental programmes in which an EDM is searched for and we compare them in a common framework. We describe latest EDM searches in heavy effective two-electron atoms such as Xe and Hg. We also indicate possible future prospects of searches for a permanent EDM of the electron using molecules with large enhancement factors.

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Parity violation in atoms

Cited by 272 publications

References 137 publications

Quantum stochastic resonance in parity violating chiral molecules

Quantum stochastic resonance in parity violating chiral molecules

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

Precision Tests of Discrete Symmetries at Low Energies

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