Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences

Lower, Anna; Szumilas, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/su132011330

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The parking policy [17] for residential areas in Poland follows the popular system in Europe of defining minimum parking indicators for individual areas. According to this concept, residential areas are self-sufficient and balance their needs on their own land.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries, including Poland, planning regulations require a defined number of parking spaces to be provided. There are examples in the literature where this requirement has been removed or modified [17][18][19]. Minimum parking requirements are often criticised for creating excess parking, degrading urban form, reducing housing affordability, and promoting car dependency [19,20].…”

Section: Parking Issues In Residential Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Solutions Reducing the Number of Cars in Polish Housing Estates—Based on the Experience of the Vauban Estate in Freiburg, Case of the City of Wroclaw

Szumilas

2024

Buildings

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The number of cars in Polish housing estates is steadily increasing. Cars park in allocated parking spaces, but also occupy roads, pavements, and even green spaces. As the European experience shows, many countries have had this problem and have been looking for a solution. Due to the fact that Polish cities are at the beginning of the process, which limits the importance of individual transport, all good practices are a valuable source of information. The purpose of this article is to present the possibility of implementing solutions to limit the number of cars in Polish housing estates based on the experience of the Vauban housing estate in Freiburg, Germany. This housing estate was created with the great participation of the local community and one of its postulates was to reduce the use of cars. The methodology involved several consecutive steps. The first stage of the work was a review of the literature on the subject of low-carbon housing. Vauban was chosen as a model project with a sustainability of 20 years. Design solutions to reduce car traffic were analysed. The data collected were transformed into hard (numerical) and soft (descriptive) data, then systematised and catalogued. Based on these guidelines, a model of an estate with a reduced number of cars was created. The final stage of the research was the implementation of the model. The model formulates the most important aspects related to the location of a car-free housing estate and allows one to indicate its potential location in the city. It is a valuable tool for opening up a broad discussion on urban planning, location, and the future of car-free housing estates. The results of the study should be interpreted at two levels: land use and location. The results of the analyses allowed parameters and guidelines to be defined. These guidelines provide a guideline for the development of car-reduced housing estates in future cities. The second set of conclusions concerns the location of a potential car-reduced housing estate. The area of the potential site is shown using the city of Wroclaw, Poland, as an example.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parking Issues In Residential Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Solutions Reducing the Number of Cars in Polish Housing Estates—Based on the Experience of the Vauban Estate in Freiburg, Case of the City of Wroclaw

Szumilas

2024

Buildings

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“…The development of sustainable mobility will generate travel as a derived demand and travel cost minimization [31,32]. The parking supply is far from perfectly elastic [33].…”

Section: Parking Price Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London

Wang¹,

Xu²

2022

Sustainability

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As a platform to improve the efficiency of matching supply and demand, parking applications once blossomed in many cities. However, some have achieved success while others quickly withered. By comparing the development of parking applications between Beijing and London, it is found that price controls are a key factor. Price controls include price limits and hourly limits. Flexible price or controlled duration facilitate platform sustainability, as these increase the supply side’s digital investment and willingness to access the platform, and also increase demanders’ willingness to use the platform. Meanwhile, flat and low pricing or no time limit will make the platform less attractive, since these reduce the supply and its mobility, and also discourage demanders from using the platform. This paper enriches the literature on the digital platform ecosystem and information systems (IS) and provides practical inspiration for urban parking management.

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“…Many researchers deal with the problem of sustainable parking. While looking into the problem, the authors of [55] analyzed the high motorization rate in Poland and other European countries, and they found that the preferred choice of individual means of transportation hascontributed to a significant increase in congestion over the last ten years. In their results, the authors analyzed almost 550 planning documents from the years 2000-2019 and parking standards operating in individual countries and established that for 20 years, Polish cities have mainly been exploring the possibility of determining the minimum rate of parking spaces.…”

Section: Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Quality-Based Smart Sustainable Public Parking Enterprises: A Methodology to Reframe Organizations into Smart Organizations

et al. 2022

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Enterprise sustainability is a key aim in the fourth industrial revolution era, requiring a new approach based on intelligent technologies that considers the new roles of leadership and sustainability as well as the new trends in emerging smart technologies, with a new focus on Society 5.0. Smart parking has a significant role in fostering the determinants of sustainability in public parking enterprises and achieving adequate mobility in smart cities. Thus, smart parking is the subject of the research presented in this paper. This study defines the vital processes, including leadership processes and technologies needed for smart parking, managed by innovative public parking enterprises. Having this in mind, trends, key facts, the results of present innovative technology enterprises, and methodologies for designing and establishing smart public parking enterprises are analyzed. This paper aims to determine the sustainability of parking enterprises in their current states by developing a MORSO methodology. The MORSO methodology includes independent variables, including the leadership level of the intelligent technologies used, quality of the business processes, and risk related to the business processes, and a dependent variable, the sustainability of smart public parking enterprises. The MORSO methodology also includes steps for the definition of indices related to variables that could be assessed by appropriate techniques such as using questionnaires. Finally, the MORSO methodology introduces steps by which statistical approaches and artificial neural networks (ANN) are applied to test hypotheses regarding correlations between independent and dependent variables. The results of the presented model case study application show that there are strong correlations between smart sustainability and leadership (0.769), quality (0.904), and risk (−0.884), respectively. Additionally, at the level of the presented case study, the results of the application of the ANN indicate that the values of the dependent variable in the following time period can be determined with high accuracy, based on the knowledge of the values from the previous period, with a regression coefficient value of R = 0.99482. Finally, in this way, the transition from existing public enterprises to sustainable smart public parking enterprises is envisioned.

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Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Implementation of Solutions Reducing the Number of Cars in Polish Housing Estates—Based on the Experience of the Vauban Estate in Freiburg, Case of the City of Wroclaw

Implementation of Solutions Reducing the Number of Cars in Polish Housing Estates—Based on the Experience of the Vauban Estate in Freiburg, Case of the City of Wroclaw

Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London

Creating Quality-Based Smart Sustainable Public Parking Enterprises: A Methodology to Reframe Organizations into Smart Organizations

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