Parkinson's disease: the nutrition perspective

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and affects about 1% of the population over the age of 60 years in industrialised countries. The aim of this review is to examine nutrition in PD across three domains: dietary intake and the development of PD; whole body metabolism in PD and the effects of PD symptoms and treatment on nutritional status. In most cases, PD is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and although there has been much research in the area, evidence suggests that poor dietary intake is not a risk factor for the development of PD. The evidence about body weight changes in both the prodromal and symptomatic phases of PD is inconclusive and is confounded by many factors. Malnutrition in PD has been documented as has sarcopaenia, although the prevalence of the latter remains uncertain due to a lack of consensus in the definition of sarcopaenia. PD symptoms, including those which are gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal, are known to adversely affect nutritional status. Similarly, PD treatments can cause nausea, vomiting and constipation, all of which can adversely affect nutritional status. Given that the prevalence of PD will increase as the population ages, it is important to understand the interplay between PD, comorbidities and nutritional status. Further research may contribute to the development of interventional strategies to improve symptoms, augment care and importantly, enhance the quality of life for patients living with this complex neurodegenerative disease.

Capparis spinosa L. meyvelerinin metanol ekstraktının Parkinson hastalığının in-vitro deneysel modelinde nöroprotektif etkisi

“…The increasing prevalence of PD has caused some health professionals to define it as a noncommunicable pandemic disease like diabetes. This increase has been related to decreased smoking rates, increased exposure to environmental waste, and diet, in addition to the aging population (2,3).…”

Plant‐Based Dietary Patterns and Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank

“…For example, due to the neuroprotective activity of vitamins A, C, E, and beta-carotene, these compounds have been postulated to reduce PD risk, but long-term studies and meta-analyses of populationbased studies have been inconclusive. 5 More consistent data suggest that caffeine intake (from coffee and tea) might reduce PD risk and slow its progression, whereas dairy intake might increase the risk. 5 Recently, dietary patterns have been studied in relation to chronic disease risks to account for the totality of food intake and potential synergistic effects of different components.…”

“…5 More consistent data suggest that caffeine intake (from coffee and tea) might reduce PD risk and slow its progression, whereas dairy intake might increase the risk. 5 Recently, dietary patterns have been studied in relation to chronic disease risks to account for the totality of food intake and potential synergistic effects of different components. In the widely recognized report on "Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems," the EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a shift toward plant-based dietary patterns, not only for population health but also for planetary health.…”

“…Patients with PD also have nonmotor symptoms that include neuropsychiatric, sleep, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. 1,4,5 To date, there is no cure for PD, so strategies for primary prevention are needed. However, the causes of the disease are widely unknown, and the main risk factors that have been identified are non-modifiable (age and genetic factors) or difficult to modify (exposure to industrial chemicals and pollutants).…”

“…Parkinsonism is a group of symptoms that encompass motor impairment features such as akinesia (or bradykinesia), rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. Patients with PD also have nonmotor symptoms that include neuropsychiatric, sleep, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction 1,4,5 . To date, there is no cure for PD, so strategies for primary prevention are needed.…”