Parotid salivary basic proline‐rich proteins inhibit HIV‐1 infectivity

Robinovitch, MR; Ashley, RL; Iversen, JM; Vigoren, EM; Oppenheim, F. G.; Lamkin, M

doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2001.0070204.x

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A possible role of IBs is that, having basic properties, they could be associated with oral pH maintenance (Ayad et al, 2000). Moreover, it was reported recently that an unidentified basic PRP inhibited HIV-I infectivity (Robinovich et al, 2001), enlarging their possible roles in oral cavities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of salivary peptides in dental caries

Vitorino

Lobo²,

Duarte

et al. 2005

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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Dental caries is a complex disease, characterized by demineralization of tooth structure. With a protective role, several salivary phosphopeptides appear to be involved in remineralization processes, delaying the loss of tooth structure. In this work we have correlated peptide saliva composition with dental caries susceptibility through the analysis of saliva and hydroxyapatite-adsorbed salivary peptides samples. Saliva samples were obtained from two groups, a caries-free and a cariessusceptible group, and were analysed using HPLC-MS and a sequential extraction with 6 m of guanidine followed by tri fluoroacetate. Data analysis has allowed us to verify a strong correlation between large amounts phosphopeptides (PRP1/3, histatin 1 and statherin), and the absence of dental caries, which reinforces the importance of these peptides in the maintenance of tooth integrity. In addition, in the caries-susceptible group a high number of peptide fragments was observed, suggesting a high proteolytic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of salivary peptides in dental caries

Vitorino

Lobo²,

Duarte

et al. 2005

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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“…Endogenous anti-HIV-1 activity has been demonstrated in whole, parotid, and submandibular/sublingual (sm/sl) saliva, colostrum, whole milk, and seminal plasma (1,11,13,24,29,32,38,45,46,51) but not in cerebrospinal fluid or urine (38). The incidence of oral HIV-1 transmission is very low and can be attributed both to endogenous salivary factors that prevent oral excretion of transmissible levels of virus (45,47,48) and to lysis of HIV-infected cells due to the hypotonicity of saliva (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Inhibitory Activities in Saliva and Other Human Mucosal Fluids

Kazmi

Naglik

Sweet

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Several human mucosal fluids are known to possess an innate ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and replication in vitro. This study compared the HIV-1 inhibitory activities of several mucosal fluids, whole, submandibular/sublingual (sm/sl), and parotid saliva, breast milk, colostrum, seminal plasma, and cervicovaginal secretions, from HIV-1-seronegative donors by using a 3-day microtiter infection assay. A wide range of HIV-1 inhibitory activity was exhibited in all mucosal fluids tested, with some donors exhibiting high levels of activity while others showed significantly lower levels. Colostrum, whole milk, and whole saliva possessed the highest levels of anti-HIV-1 activity, seminal fluid, cervicovaginal secretions, and sm/sl exhibited moderate levels, and parotid saliva consistently demonstrated the lowest levels of HIV-1 inhibition. Fast protein liquid chromatography gel filtration studies revealed the presence of at least three distinct peaks of inhibitory activity against HIV-1 in saliva and breast milk. Incubation of unfractionated and fractionated whole saliva with antibodies raised against human lactoferrin (hLf), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and, to a lesser extent, MG2 (high-molecular-weight mucinous glycoprotein) reduced the HIV-1 inhibitory activity significantly. The results suggest that hLf and SLPI are two key components responsible for HIV-1 inhibitory activity in different mucosal secretions. The variation in HIV inhibitory activity between the fluids and between individuals suggests that there may be major differences in susceptibility to HIV infection depending both on the individual and on the mucosal fluid involved.

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“…This truncated clone (DT [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] ) contains the coding capacity of the last 72 amino acids from clone TP 23 and includes the 30 amino acids of PH and two of the repeats upstream. The 5Ј-forward primer PHC-5 was designed to correspond to the cDNA sequence of DT [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] encoding the first five amino acids of the first 21-amino acid repeat (APPGA) and a 5Ј addition of an NdeI site (5Ј-CATATGGC-CCCACCTGGTGC-3Ј). The 3Ј-primer was the M13 reverse sequencing primer complementary to the sequence present in the cloning vector pSPORT 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the proline residues in the PRPs appear to bind tannins that are potentially harmful compounds present in food (14). Other functions, such as calcium binding, hydroxyapatite binding, and formation of the dental acquired pellicle, have been attributed to acidic PRPs (15,16), whereas antiviral activity has been demonstrated with basic PRPs (17,18). In addition, there are reports of a decrease in PRPs, including basic PRPs, under several conditions (19 -21), each of which is associated with increased caries susceptibility (22)(23)(24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Functional Study of Porcine Parotid Hormone, a Novel Proline-rich Protein

Zhang

Szalay²,

Tieche³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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A parotid gland hormone that stimulates intradentinal fluid movement is believed to play a significant role in maintaining the vitality of dentin. This hormone has been purified from porcine parotid glands and partially sequenced in our previous study (Tieche, J. M., Leonora, J., and Steinman, R. R. (1980) Endocrinology 106, 1994 -2005). We now report the cloning and functional study of porcine cDNAs that code for this hormone and its complete amino acid sequence. Three cDNA clones were isolated from a porcine parotid cDNA library. The last 30 amino acids encoded by two of the cDNAs agreed with the amino acid sequence of the isolated parotid hormone. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the acinar cells of the parotid glands were the primary location for both the parotid hormone-related mRNAs and the translation products. A 216-bp fragment of the cDNA that contains the coding sequence for the porcine hormone was subcloned into an expression vector, and the protein expression was detected by immunoblot analysis and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the 30-amino acid parotid hormone was synthesized. Both the expressed and the synthetic proteins were biologically active in that they enhanced intradentinal fluid movement as measured by intradentinal dye penetration.

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Parotid salivary basic proline‐rich proteins inhibit HIV‐1 infectivity

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

The role of salivary peptides in dental caries

The role of salivary peptides in dental caries

Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Inhibitory Activities in Saliva and Other Human Mucosal Fluids

Cloning and Functional Study of Porcine Parotid Hormone, a Novel Proline-rich Protein

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