Part 3—Underwater Corrosion of Ten Structural Steels Corrosion of Metals in Tropical Environments

Forgeson, B. W.; Southwell, C. R.; Alexander, A L

doi:10.5006/0010-9312-16.3.87

Cited by 57 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The principles for this are well established [58]. Even in natural waters, the effect can be seen by comparing the data for pit depths observed on steels exposed in the Panama Canal Zone to seawater as compare with those exposed to fresh water [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some relationship between them might be expected particularly for metals that corrode mainly by pitting since mass loss caused by pitting is included automatically and predominantly in the overall mass loss. In other cases, such as for steels, pit depth usually is corrected by increasing it by the corrosion loss equivalent to the mass loss, on the basis that the mass loss in pitting is very small compared to overall mass loss [20]. However, more detailed observations, including extensive microscope observations of the surfaces of steel samples recovered from marine corrosion immersion environments, have suggested a more complex relationship between the bi-modal trend for corrosion loss and the pitting of the steel surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Trends for Corrosion Loss and Pit Depth in Longer-Term Exposures

Melchers

2018

CMD

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For infrastructure applications in marine environments, the eventual initiation of corrosion (and pitting) of steels (and other metals and alloys) often is assumed an inescapable fact, and practical interest then centres on the rate at which corrosion damage is likely to occur in the future. This demands models with a reasonable degree of accuracy, preferably anchored in corrosion theory and calibrated to actual observations under realistic exposure conditions. Recent developments in the understanding of the development of corrosion loss and of maximum pit depth in particular are reviewed in light of modern techniques that permit much closer examination of pitted and corroded surfaces. From these observations, and from sometimes forgotten or ignored observations in the literature, it is proposed that pitting (and crevice corrosion) plays an important role in the overall corrosion process, but that longer term pitting behaviour is considerably more complex than usually considered. In turn, this explains much of the, often high, variability in maximum depths of pits observed at any point in time. The practical implications are outlined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Trends for Corrosion Loss and Pit Depth in Longer-Term Exposures

Melchers

2018

CMD

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“…Closer examination of the data showed that this difference was due entirely to one value for t a estimated from the corrosion loss curve for field exposure at 27?6uC at Coco Solo, in the Panama Canal Zone. 17 The data for this site were re-examined, also for consistency with data for other generally similar exposure sites. As a result the value for t a was lowered so that it is now generally in accord with the other data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of mild steel in elevated temperature hard freshwater

Melchers

Chernov

2013

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The bimodal model previously shown to be applicable to long term corrosion loss of mild steel in seawater is examined herein for hard freshwater at elevated temperatures. Laboratory data reported in the literature are reinterpreted using conventional corrosion theory and the bimodal model. The data fit the trends for the parameters of the model extrapolated from water temperature observations. One different set of data earlier can be reconciled if allowance is made for the effect on corrosion of water velocity. Overall the results show the bimodal model is applicable to freshwaters to 70uC.

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“…However, only a few systematic studies were devoted to the influence of small variations of composition on the behavior of steel in marine environments . Moreover, significant variations and some inconsistencies can be noted and it is somehow difficult to deduce from these works, that were mainly empirical, clear trends for the beneficial/detrimental effect of a given alloying element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of low alloy steel in stagnant artificial or stirred natural seawater: The role of Al and Cr

Refait

Jeannin

Urios

et al. 2019

Materials & Corrosion

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Carbon steel and low alloy (containing Al and Cr) steel coupons were immersed for 6–7 months in stagnant artificial seawater or in natural marine site. The corrosion processes were studied via the combination of electrochemical techniques and the analysis of corrosion product layers by µ‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. In natural seawater, the low alloy steel showed better resistance to corrosion and the best results were obtained when the mill scale was removed from the steel surface. This shows that improved corrosion resistance is due to a protective layer that forms spontaneously in the environment. In stagnant artificial seawater, the behavior of low alloy steel coupons (without mill scale) was compared with that of carbon steel coupons. The polarization resistance of the carbon steel coupons remained approximately constant over time. The corrosion product layer proved to be mainly composed of magnetite, an electronic conductor that does not hinder oxygen reduction. In contrast, the polarization resistance of the low alloy steel coupons increased with time, as the growing corrosion product layer, enriched with insulating FeOOH compounds, hindered oxygen diffusion.

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Part 3—Underwater Corrosion of Ten Structural Steels Corrosion of Metals in Tropical Environments

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Trends for Corrosion Loss and Pit Depth in Longer-Term Exposures

A Review of Trends for Corrosion Loss and Pit Depth in Longer-Term Exposures

Corrosion of mild steel in elevated temperature hard freshwater

Corrosion of low alloy steel in stagnant artificial or stirred natural seawater: The role of Al and Cr

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