Part I. A Comparison of Three Different High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones in Diesel Exhaust

Creech, George Edward; Johnson, R. T.; Stoffer, James O.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/20.2.67

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…It must be noted that impingers fitted with removable vials* could greatly reduce the sampling time and minimize solution spillage [18]. Some difficulties may be experienced in completely removing the absorbing solution when using fritted impingers as compared with plain ones [19]. It is worth mentioning a special type of liquid scrubber that is based on the nebulization/reflux concentration.…”

Section: Midget Impingersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Method procedures for sampling aldehyde and ketone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine—a review

Yacoub

1999

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Methods for sampling aldehyde and ketone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) are reviewed with emphasis on the type of trapping media, the absorbing solution composition and stability and the sample flowrate. Pre- and post-sampling procedures are discussed as well as collected sample stability, detection range, contamination and interference. Different methods for generating standard atmospheres are discussed as well as collection efficiency and standards recovery. Aldehyde emissions measured using DNPH in engine exhaust are briefly reviewed with an overview of the effects of fuel type, engine concept and operation and exhaust gas aftertreatment. Finally, practices and recommendations are proposed to ensure the integrity of the sampling process and appropriateness to different applications.

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Section: Midget Impingersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the DNPH must be purified by multiple recrystallizations in UV-grade acetonitrile. Commercially precoated DNPH cartridges are most viable to abnormally high formaldehyde concentrations [19,25]. Acetone contamination is apparently unavoidable.…”

Section: Sample Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method procedures for sampling aldehyde and ketone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine—a review

Yacoub

1999

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Problems also arise in the interpretation of the results from the variety of sampling techniques, testing methods, engines, fuels and combustion conditions and valid comparisons are therefore difficult. In general, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the concentration of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of petrol driven cars is 10-70ppmv although catalytic exhaust control reduces this to about 1 ppmv or less. For diesel cars concentrations tend to be lower, whereas oxygenated fuels give higher concentrations.…”

Section: Occurrence and Measurement Of Aldehydes In Exhaust Cases Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When an acetonitrile solution is used, the contents of the bubbler can be injected directly on the LC. Earlier GC experience with packed columns, which lacked sufficient separation power, sensitivity and inertness, led to the development of HPLC methods [6,13,27,28]. Although HPLC analysis of DNPH-derivatives offers distinct advantages, such as low temperature, rather specific UV detection and normal sample handling and injection techniques, resolution is not high and complete separation of all important carbonyls of automobile exhaust can only be achieved by extensive eluent programming, resulting in long analysis times.…”

Section: Occurrence and Measurement Of Aldehydes In Exhaust Cases Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of LPG fuelled engines

et al. 1988

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SummaryThe exhaust gas of a LPG fuelled engine is drawn through two bubblers in series in an ice bath, and filled with saturated 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2M HCI. After heating the derivatives are extracted with toluene-cyclohexane and l gl samples injected "on-column" on a OVl capillary Column. Using an FID the lower limit of detection is 15-18pg for formaldehyde (about 8--10 ppbv for a 161 exhaust sample). Taking the blank into account, the limit is about 40ppbv.The exhaust gases of a LPG-fuelled engine contain formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein and acetone. Carbonyl compounds of more than 3 C-atoms were not found in detectable amounts. The engine was fund under stoichiometric, lean and rich air/fuel conditions. Under rich conditions the concentrations of the aldehydes were: formaldehyde 2.8ppm, acetaldehyde 1.3 ppm, propionaldehyde 0.06 ppm, acrolein 0.03 ppm, acetone 0.17ppm; under stoichiometric conditions: 4.5, 1.6, 0.10, 0.03 and 0.18ppm respectively; under lean conditions 17.0, 2.9, 0.13, 0.07 and O.27ppm respectively. These figures demonstrate the necessity of measuring aldehydes in exhaust gases of LPG-fuelled engines.lean misfire limit of an LPG-fuelled engine extends well beyond the limit with gasoline and can be used to achieve low emission levels of regulated pollutants (hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide). However, the problem of obtaining a suitable LPG engine with proper carburation and ignition design, hinders full utilization of LPG as a "clean" motor fuel. Moreover, the use of LPG as a motor fuel depends largely on the fuel tax policy of the various countries.

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“…Gas chromatography is not ideal for analysis of these hydrazones because they have relatively high boiling points or decompose before vaporization. Therefore, HPLC has been used to analyze these derivatives [4][5][6][7][8]. The sensitivity of HPLC detectors has been relatively low compared with that of GC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Carbonyl Compounds as 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones Using Negative Ion Mode Electronspray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Yasuhara¹,

Tanaka²,

Makishima³

et al. 2011

J Chromatograph Separat Techniq

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Organic compounds in the environment, such as pesticides, degrade into inorganics via transformation into carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone. 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of 37 carbonyl compounds were prepared with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH). Their ESI negative spectra and EI positive spectra were obtained using an HPLC-mass spectrograph. EI positive spectra showed more ions than ESI negative spectra except in the case of two hydrazones. Molecular ions (M +) of carbonyl-DNPHs appeared as a base peak in the EI positive spectra in the case of all but 8 hydrazones. Many significant ions for the identification of a specific carbonyl compound are obtained by ESI negative spectra. Analysis of acetone in various waste waters was successfully conducted using a newly developed ESI negative spectroscopy method-levels found in the samples ranged from 2.1 mg/L to135.0 mg/L. Results of similar tests of the rate of acetone degradation in various water samples showed that acetone in moat water degraded completely after 18 days, whereas 70% of the acetone remained in pure water after 65 days, suggesting that microorganisms may play an important role in the degradation of carbonyl compounds in the environment.

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Part I. A Comparison of Three Different High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones in Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Method procedures for sampling aldehyde and ketone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine—a review

Method procedures for sampling aldehyde and ketone using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine—a review

The determination of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of LPG fuelled engines

LC-MS Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Carbonyl Compounds as 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones Using Negative Ion Mode Electronspray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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