Part I: cancer in Sudan—burden, distribution, and trends breast, gynecological, and prostate cancers

Abstract

Despite the growing burden of cancer worldwide, it continues to receive low priority in Africa, across the continent and specifically in Sudan. This is due to political unrest, limited health resources, and other pressing public health issues such as infectious diseases. Lack of awareness about the magnitude of the current and future cancer burden among policy makers play a major role as well. Although, the real scope of cancer in Sudan is not known, the reported cases have increased from 303 in 1967–6303 in 2010. According to Globocan estimates, the top most common cancers in both sexes are breast, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, esophagus, and colorectum. This review is the first of four papers that focuses on cancer, its distribution and trend as well as the risk factors most common in Sudan. It is expected that cancer will increase in Sudan as a result of migration of people from rural areas to urban cities in the pursuit of a better standard of living, which has resulted in lifestyle and behavioral changes that include tobacco chewing and smoking, unhealthy dieting, and a lack of physical activity. These changes are further exacerbated by the aging population and have made the country vulnerable to many diseases including cancer. These reviews are meant to provide a better understanding and knowledge required to plan appropriate cancer-control and prevention strategies in the country.

Ca Prostate with Oral Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…Prostate cancer is the leading cancer worldwide and among Sudanese men [1]. Generally cancer of the prostate tends to metastasize to the bone, with less than 1% metastasizing to the maxillofacial region.…”

Breast Cancer Case Using Tamoxifen during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Sudanese women [1]. During pregnancy Tamoxifen and its metabolites affects the rapidly growing fetal tissue.…”

“…It forms (30-34%) of all female cancers, 40% are below the age of 45years, i.e. within the reproductive age, this reflects our population pyramid [1].…”

Prevalence of vincristine induced-peripheral neuropathy among Sudanese cancer patients

“…1 Although, the exact cancer burden and prevalence in Sudan is not known, it is reported that cancer cases have increased from a total of 303 cases in 1967 to 6303 cases in 2010. 2 The burgeoning cancer epidemic in Sudan carries many challenges that are characteristic of developing countries. 3 It is reported that cancer was the third leading cause of death (accounting 5% of total death) after malaria and viral pneumonia.…”