“…IP is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its valence state. Our results on IP match well with the available experimental and other theoretical results 15, 17, 18, 20, 37–43. For example, we obtained the values of IP for H 2 , N 2 , and O 2 as 16.210, 15.334, and 11.566 eV, respectively, which agree well with the corresponding experimental values of 15.427, 15.581, and 12.071 eV by Liang et al 39, 40 and theoretical values of 15.5 and 12.05 eV for N 2 and O 2 respectively.…”