Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging Using Deep Learning-Based Approaches on the Designed Khasi POS Corpus

Abstract

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is one of the research challenging fields in natural language processing (NLP). It requires good knowledge of a particular language with large amounts of data or corpora for feature engineering, which can lead to achieving a good performance of the tagger. Our main contribution in this research work is the designed Khasi POS corpus. Till date, there has been no form of any kind of Khasi corpus developed or formally developed. In the present designed Khasi POS corpus, each word is tagged manually using the designed tagset. Methods of deep learning have been used to experiment with our designed Khasi POS corpus. The POS tagger based on BiLSTM, combinations of BiLSTM with CRF, and character-based embedding with BiLSTM are presented. The main challenges of understanding and handling Natural Language toward Computational linguistics to encounter are anticipated. In the presently designed corpus, we have tried to solve the problems of ambiguities of words concerning their context usage, and also the orthography problems that arise in the designed POS corpus. The designed Khasi corpus size is around 96,100 tokens and consists of 6,616 distinct words. Initially, while running the first few sets of data of around 41,000 tokens in our experiment the taggers are found to yield considerably accurate results. When the Khasi corpus size has been increased to 96,100 tokens, we see an increase in accuracy rate and the analyses are more pertinent. As results, accuracy of 96.81% is achieved for the BiLSTM method, 96.98% for BiLSTM with CRF technique, and 95.86% for character-based with LSTM. Concerning substantial research from the NLP perspectives for Khasi, we also present some of the recently existing POS taggers and other NLP works on the Khasi language for comparative purposes.

Findings of the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Low-Resource Indic Language Translation

“…It orthography has 23 alphabets and has six vowels, the vowels are "a e i ï o u". In Khasi orthography the alphabets "c f q v x z" are not present and instead the letters "ï ñ ng" are present which makes the orthography to be different from English or other orthographies (Warjri et al, 2021). Khasi is rich in subject agreement markers.…”