Parthenogenesis in a Freshwater Snail: Reproductive Assurance Versus Parasitic Release

Lively, Curtis M.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00608.x

Cited by 97 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Both nuclear (Dybdahl and Lively, 1995) and mitochondrial data (Neiman and Lively, 2004;Neiman et al, 2011) demonstrate that asexuals originated via multiple independent and usually recent transitions from sexual P. antipodarum. These characteristics of P. antipodarum enable direct and powerful comparisons between sexual and asexual forms and among populations that vary in the relative frequency of sexual individuals (Maynard Smith, 1978;Jokela et al, 1997;Lively, 1992). The recent sexual ancestry of asexual P. antipodarum also means that they are likely to retain traits inherited from their sexual ancestors, such as copulatory behavior (Neiman, 2004;Neiman and Lively, 2005;Nelson and Neiman, 2011) and, perhaps, the ability to produce sons .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We surveyed each cup every 4 weeks to determine whether each female had produced offspring. As some asexual P. antipodarum lineages do not thrive in laboratory conditions (Jokela et al, 2003), and as some females may have been parasitically castrated (Lively, 1992), we removed females that had not produced any offspring within this or any previous 4-week period and replaced them with another adult female from the same field collection. Each set of adult females and their offspring were transferred together to a separate 5 l plastic tank once 10 offspring had appeared in the cup, such that each tank contained a founding female and all of the offspring she had produced while still in the cup.…”

Section: Isolation and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand freshwater prosobranch snail, is characterized by the frequent coexistence of phenotypically and ecologically similar sexual males and females with what are presumed to be obligately asexual females (Lively, 1987(Lively, , 1992Jokela et al, 1997). Both nuclear (Dybdahl and Lively, 1995) and mitochondrial data (Neiman and Lively, 2004;Neiman et al, 2011) demonstrate that asexuals originated via multiple independent and usually recent transitions from sexual P. antipodarum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male offspring production by asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail

Neiman¹,

Larkin²,

Thompson³

et al. 2012

Heredity

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As only females contribute directly to population growth, sexual females investing equally in sons and daughters experience a two-fold cost relative to asexuals producing only daughters. Typically, researchers have focused on benefits of sex that can counter this 'cost of males' and thus explain its predominance. Here, we instead ask whether asexuals might also pay a cost of males by quantifying the rate of son production in 45 experimental populations ('lineages') founded by obligately asexual female Potamopyrgus antipodarum. This New Zealand snail is a powerful model for studying sex because phenotypically similar sexual and asexual forms often coexist, allowing direct comparisons between sexuals and asexuals. After 2 years of culture, 23 of the 45 lineages had produced males, demonstrating that asexual P. antipodarum can make sons. We used maximumlikelihood analysis of a model of male production in which only some lineages can produce males to estimate that B50% of lineages have the ability to produce males and that B5% of the offspring of male-producing lineages are male. Lineages producing males in the first year of the experiment were more likely to make males in the second, suggesting that some asexual lineages might pay a cost of males relative to other asexual lineages. Finally, we used a simple deterministic model of population dynamics to evaluate how male production affects the rate of invasion of an asexual lineage into a sexual population, and found that the estimated rate of male production by asexual P. antipodarum is too low to influence invasion dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Male offspring production by asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail

Neiman¹,

Larkin²,

Thompson³

et al. 2012

Heredity

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show abstract

“…This species is characterized by obligately sexual and obligately asexual individuals that co-occur in lakes across New Zealand (Winterbourn, 1970;Lively, 1987Lively, , 1992 Whitton, 2000), asexual P. antipodarum are polyploid (triploid (3 Â ) and 43 Â ) and sexuals are diploid (Wallace, 1992). One exceptional characteristic of this system is that there is substantial across-lake variation in the relative frequency of sexual and asexual snails (Lively and Jokela, 2002), and in the relative frequency of triploid and 43 Â asexuals .…”

Section: Case Study: Body Composition In Sexual Diploid Vs Asexual Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can resource costs of polyploidy provide an advantage to sex?

2012

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The predominance of sexual reproduction despite its costs indicates that sex provides substantial benefits, which are usually thought to derive from the direct genetic consequences of recombination and syngamy. While genetic benefits of sex are certainly important, sexual and asexual individuals, lineages, or populations may also differ in physiological and life history traits that could influence outcomes of competition between sexuals and asexuals across environmental gradients. Here, we address possible phenotypic costs of a very common correlate of asexuality, polyploidy. We suggest that polyploidy could confer resource costs related to the dietary phosphorus demands of nucleic acid production; such costs could facilitate the persistence of sex in situations where asexual taxa are of higher ploidy level and phosphorus availability limits important traits like growth and reproduction. We outline predictions regarding the distribution of diploid sexual and polyploid asexual taxa across biogeochemical gradients and provide suggestions for study systems and empirical approaches for testing elements of our hypothesis.

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“…hoek, 1979(Vrijen-. hoek, , 1993, frogs (Hotz et a!., 1985), snails (Lively, 1992), moths (Harshman & Futuyama, 1985) and cladocerans (Innes et a!., 1986;Hebert et a!., 1988). However, surprisingly little attention has been directed towards aphids which are excellent candidates for such studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and mode of reproduction in French populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L.

Simon¹,

Carrel²,

Hebert

et al. 1996

Heredity

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Flolocyclic individuals of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis, while anholocyclic individuals are obligate parthenogens. Although admixed on the secondary hosts in summer, holocyclic and anholocyclic populations occur separately on the primary and secondary hosts during winter and spring. In this study, we compared the genetic diversity and population structure of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations collected in spring in the northern half of France. We also analysed the genetic composition of summer populations of R. padi on its secondary hosts. In spring, holocyclic populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at individual loci and had a relatively high genotypic diversity. Conversely, anholocyclic populations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and often consisted of a single clone. Moreover, these populations showed very low mean heterozygosities compared with holocyclic populations. Analysis of summer populations suggested that in regions with cold winters, summer populations were largely recruited from holocyclic clones, whereas in areas with mild winters, summer populations were mainly derived from anholocyclic clones. These results permit an assessment of the geographical distribution of the two modes of reproduction on a large scale. The reasons for the diminished heterozygosity of anholocyclic populations are also discussed in relation to the mechanisms which may induce transitions to asexuality in aphids.

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Parthenogenesis in a Freshwater Snail: Reproductive Assurance Versus Parasitic Release

Cited by 97 publications

References 42 publications

Male offspring production by asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail

Male offspring production by asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand snail

Can resource costs of polyploidy provide an advantage to sex?

Genetic diversity and mode of reproduction in French populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L.

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