Partial characterization of phenoloxidase enzyme in the hemocytes of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Characterization of Phenoloxidase in The Red Palm Weevil; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Olivier) Using Catechol Substrate

“…On the other hand, the optimum temperature of PO in the present work was 40°C which is similar to other insects having PO maximum activity equal or closely related to our findings as in P. rapae (Xue et al, 2006) and H. cunea (Sharifi and Ghadamyari, 2014). In general, the optimum temperature of PO activity ranged PO between 35 and 45°C in most studied insects (Ishaaya, 1970;Lockey and Orth 1992;Zibaee et al, 2011;Amin et al, 2013;Gholami et al, 2013 andTaleh et al, 2013). Amin et al, (2013) concluded that the activity of PO in T. absoluta larvae increased gradually after 15°C till reaching the optimum temperature which was 35°C but at 40 and 50°C the enzyme lost its activity by 11.36 and 37.3% respectively, while at 55°C, lost most of its activity by 60.5%.…”

“…Similar findings were obtained in different insects as pieris rapae (Xue et al, 2006), Hyphantria cunea (Sharifi and Ghadamyari, 2014) while the optimum pH was slightly acidic in other insects being 6.5 Halophora cecropia (Anderson et. al., 1998) and in Sarcophaga bullata (Wang et al, 2004;and Feng et al, 2008), 6.2 in Parasarcophaga surcoufi (Ayaad et al, 2001), 6 in Helicoverpa armigera (Taleh et al, 2013), Bombyx mori (Ashida, 1971) as well as Eurygaster integriceps (Zibaee et al, 2011), 5.5 in Tuta absoluta (Amin et al, 2013). On the other hand, the optimum PH of PO was alkaline in other insects and reached 8.0 in Lymantria dispar (Dunphy 1991) and Ospheranteria coerulescens (Gholami et al, 2013) while in Heliothis virescens was 9 (Lockey and Orth 1992).…”

Phenoloxidase, an effective bioactivity target for botanical insecticide screening from green walnut husks

“…Four instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner or Pieris rapae Linne were choosed as phenoloxidase source of haemolymph. Haemolymph was collected by modified method (Xu et al, 2006;Taleh et al, 2013). In brief, the insects were anesthetized through chilling at 4 o C. 0.5 g larvae were cut from belly and then placed in a pre-chilled 5ml centrifuge tube with five pores at the bottom, which were plug in a 10 ml tube.…”

Purification and characterization of phenoloxidase from the hemolymph of healthy and diseasedAntheraea assamensisHelfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Effects of certain biological components and chemical agents on enzyme activity

“…A total of 80 (40 healthy and 40 diseased), 3–4‐day‐old fifth‐instar larvae of A. assamensis Helfer were collected during the spring and summer of 2015 from two different locations of the district of Kamrup in Assam. The larvae were carried to the laboratory, washed, and surfaces wiped with wet tissue paper before being anesthetized in ice (Taleh, Saadati, Farshbaf, & Khakvar, ) for hemolymph collection. The initial status of the diseased state of the larvae was based on a physical examination that showed external symptoms like the appearance of black spots on the bodies, indistinct sexual markings, underdeveloped size, sluggish and opaque appearance, and weak characteristics (Chakraborty, Saha, Bindroo, Manna, & Kumar, ).…”

“…Once the characteristics of diseased state started appearing in the fifth‐instar larvae with symptoms of pebrine infection (as mentioned above), they were examined for the presence and viability of Nosema spores in their hemolymph (Chakraborty et al, ). Typically, the characteristics of diseased state appeared after 17–22 days of feeding and the diseased larvae were treated and anesthetized in ice for hemolymph collection (Taleh et al, ). This method reaffirmed earlier reports, whereby it was indicated that pebrine is caused by transovum transmission or oral infection of Nosema spp and once the disease infects a population, it becomes difficult to exterminate individual silkworms (Hatakeyama & Hayasaka, ).…”