Partial characterization of the gonadal hydration principle in the pituitaries of carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Clemens, Howard P.; Ciereszko, Leon S.; Shoemaker, John D.; Grant, F. Blake

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(64)90059-0

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For the usual chemical fractionation (as in mammals) a few grams of pituitary powder are needed and to obtain this amount thousands of fish have to be killed. A potent gonadotropic preparation has been made from fish pituitaries by means of chemical/ethanol fractionation (Otsuka, 1956;Robertson & Rinfret, 1957;Fontaine & Gerard, 1963;Clemens et al, 1964;Burzawa-Gerard & Fontaine, 1965, 1966Yamazaki & Donaldson, 1968), but this was not tested on inducing spawning in refractory fish. In the present investigation, the fractionated pituitary extracts (Sinha, 1969a) have been tested for effectiveness in inducing spawning of the carps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced spawning in carp with fractionated fish pituitary extract

Slnha¹

1971

Journal of Fish Biology

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Three different fractions of fish pituitary extract obtained by molecular sieving of the whole pituitary extracts on Sephadex G-100 (Sinha, 1 9 6 9~) have been tested for effectiveness in inducing spawning of members of the carp family. Fish differing in their spawning habits were chosen-bighead carp and silver carp do not spawn at all in captivity, whereas Punrius and common carp spawn freely. Gravid fish injected with the second fraction alone showed courtship behaviour and ovulated viable eggs. None of the fish injected with the first fraction or the third fraction showed any courtship behaviour nor did they ovulate.The second fraction from the pituitary extract of free spawner or non-spawner, immature or mature, male or female was found effective in inducing spawning in both the free spawner and non-spawner gravid females. Clearly this suggested that this fraction contains either an active gonadotropin or a gonadotropin releasing factor. However, unlike the free spawner, these non-spawners do not breed in captivity unless injected with an additional amount of the second fraction or the whole pituitary material. The cause of this is still difficult to explain. Synthetic mammalian hormones such as FSH, LH, mixed mammalian anterior pituitary and chorionic hormone, ACTH and posterior pituitary hormones have failed to induce courtship behaviour and ovulation. Oxytocic activity of the fractions showed that there was no correlation between spawning activity and the rat uterus activity. Also these fractions did not contain any appreciable amount of arginine vasotocin. Thus it is suggested that isotocin/arginine vasotocin is not the principle responsible for spawning in these fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced spawning in carp with fractionated fish pituitary extract

Slnha¹

1971

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Many reports exist in the literature on the separation of fish pituitary extracts into one or two active hormone components (Pickford & Atz, 1957;Otsuka, 1956;Robertson & Rinfret, 1957;Fontaine & Gerard, 1963;Clemens et al 1964;Yamazaki & Donaldson, 1968a;Sinha, 1971 andHoar, 1969) but no attempt has been made to identify the individual components of a pituitary electrophoretogram. If the different hormones could be identified in such a pattern the changes that occur in these components of the pituitary gland under the influence of various stimuli could be investigated seeing that it has been shown that the area of a densitogram of a hormone containing band in a polyacrylamide gel can be correlated with the biological activity (in this case prolactin) (Yanai & Hagasawa, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial separation of the pituitary proteins of Labeo umbratus, Smith (mudfish)

Hattingh¹,

Toit²

1973

Journal of Fish Biology

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L. urnbratus pituitary glands were partially separated by means of preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50.Eight fractions wereobtainedandit was found that fraction 1 containedpotent adrenocorticotropic stimulating activity, with a molecular weight in the region of 6000. Fractions 3 and 4 contained potent gonadotropic and a lesser degree of exopthalmic producing activity, with molecular weights in the region of 14 000 to 20 000. Fraction 6 displayed pigeon-crop stimulating activity, with a molecular weight above 30 000. Fractions 7 and 8 displayed M.S.H. and vasopressinoxytocic activity respectively, with a molecular weight in the region of 5500-6500. Fractions 2 and 5 could not be identified. The fractions seemed to be glycoproteins and the results are discussed in relation to previous findings.

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Effect of short‐ and long‐term hypophysectomy on the ovary and interrenal of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Sundararaj

Goswami

1968

J. Exp. Zool.

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Catfish were hypophysectomized during the late prespawning period when the ovaries are enlarged with yolky oocytes, and autopsied at close intervals to ascertain the short-term effects of hypophysectomy. A significant reduction in the ovarian weight occurs between day 4 and day 6 post-hypophysectomy. Thereafter, the ovarian weight declines rapidly and the lowest value is attained by day 35 posthypophysectomy. Hypophysectomy induces atresia of yolk-laden oocytes and the sequence of changes in an atretic oocyte involves the coalescence of yolk platelets, breakdown of vitelline membrane, hypertrophy of granulosa cells which quickly phagocytose the yolk, and the eventual merger of masses of granulosa cells in the ovarian stroma. Hydration of the ovaries gradually increases following hypophysectomy and the maximum value is attained by day 19 post-hypophysectomy when follicular atresia is greatest, and returns to normal by day 49. Hydration of muscles remains almost constant despite hypophysectomy. In the interrenals, the post-hypophysectomy changes involve leucocytic infiltration, gradual reduction in the nuclear diameter of cortical cells and condensation of chromatin.In the long-term study, catfish were hypophysectomized during the preparatory period when the ovaries are regressed, and autopsied one and two years post-hypophysectomy. The ovarian histology of catfish sampled one and two years following hypophysectomy was similar to that of their respective controls inasmuch as sampling was also done in the preparatory period, whereas the interrenal histology was markedly different from that of the controls. In the interrenals of hypophysectomized groups, leucocytic infiltration was more in evidence and the cortical cell nuclear diameter showed significant reduction.In higher vertebrates exhaustive studies on the effects of hypophysectomy have contributed to the elucidation of pituitary control over the target organs. In teleosts, there is paucity of data regarding the consequence of pituitary ablation on the target organs. Until 1957, only 19 teleosts had been hypophysectomized (Pickford and Atz, '57); this list has not been substantially extended since then. Of the Indian fishes, only a few have been successfully hypophysectomized.Among teleosts, effects of hypophysectomy on ovaries have been reported in Xiphophorus sp. (RCgnier, '38 In many investigations, the hypophysectomized fishes have not been sampled at close intervals, so that the sequence of changes culminating in atrophy of the target organs remains obscure. In spite of the inadequacy of available information, the nature of pituitary-target organ relationship in fishes is assumed to be similar to that in mammals. This generalization must, however, be regarded as tentative

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Partial characterization of the gonadal hydration principle in the pituitaries of carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Induced spawning in carp with fractionated fish pituitary extract

Induced spawning in carp with fractionated fish pituitary extract

Partial separation of the pituitary proteins of Labeo umbratus, Smith (mudfish)

Effect of short‐ and long‐term hypophysectomy on the ovary and interrenal of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

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