Partial characterization of the Nicotiana tabacum actin gene family: Evidence for pollen-specific expression of one of the gene family members

Thangavelu, Madan; Belostotsky, Dmitry A.; Bevan, Michael W.; Flavell, R. B.; Rogers, Hilary J.; Lonsdale, David

doi:10.1007/bf00277069

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Downregulation at the early stages of flower development of the related Nap3 gene thus could be a direct cause of the aberrant flowers on the H1A-and H1B-deficient plants. Regarding a third selectively expressed gene, Tac25 , which encodes a pollen-specific actin (Thangavelu et al, 1993), H1A and H1B deficiency did not markedly disturb its temporal and spatial pattern of expression. The general pattern of expression for the ubiquitously expressed genes Pbf46 (encoding the translation elongation factor EF2) and Ubp1 (encoding a protein involved in splicing; results for this gene are not shown) showed no change in the H1A-and H1B-deficient plants, although there were some characteristic differences in the abundance of the two transcripts compared with those in the control plants.…”

Section: In H1a-and H1b-deficient Plants the Transcription Of Some Fmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The fragments obtained by PCR were ligated into the EcoRI and BamHI sites of the pBluescript SKϩ plasmid and sequenced on both strands by the dideoxy method with use of an automated laser fluorescent DNA sequencer (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). The plasmids containing cloned fragments of the Ta29 (Goldberg et al, 1993) and Tac25 (Thangavelu et al, 1993) genes and the plasmid containing the tobacco H1B gene in reverse orientation were used as templates for generating 32 P-labeled or digoxigenin-labeled (for tobacco H1B gene) antisense riboprobes with the aid of T7 RNA polymerase (Promega). The probes for tobacco Nap3 and Ubp1 genes consisted of the entire coding regions cut from the plasmids kindly provided by V. Irish (Yale University, New Haven, CT) and W. Filipowicz (Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland), respectively.…”

Section: Isolation Of Nucleic Acids and Rna Gel Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linker Histones Play a Role in Male Meiosis and the Development of Pollen Grains in Tobacco

et al. 1999

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To examine the function of linker histone variants, we produced transgenic tobacco plants in which major somatic histone variants H1A and H1B were present at ‫ف‬ 25% of their usual amounts in tobacco chromatin. The decrease in these major variants was accompanied by a compensatory increase in the four minor variants, namely, H1C to H1F. These minor variants are smaller and less highly charged than the major variants. This change offered a unique opportunity to examine the consequences to a plant of major remodeling of its chromatin set of linker histones. Plants with markedly altered proportions of H1 variants retained normal nucleosome spacing, but their chromosomes were less tightly packed than those of control plants. The transgenic plants grew normally but showed characteristic aberrations in flower development and were almost completely male sterile. These features correlated with changes in the temporal but not the spatial pattern of expression of developmental genes that could be linked to the abnormal flower phenotypes. Preceding these changes in flower morphology were strong aberrations in male gametogenesis. The earliest symptoms may have resulted from disturbances in correct pairing or segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. No aberrations were observed during mitosis. We conclude that in plants, the physiological stoichiometry and distribution of linker histone variants are crucial for directing male meiosis and the subsequent development of functional pollen grains.

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Section: In H1a-and H1b-deficient Plants the Transcription Of Some Fmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Isolation Of Nucleic Acids and Rna Gel Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Linker Histones Play a Role in Male Meiosis and the Development of Pollen Grains in Tobacco

et al. 1999

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“…As a control, in the same RT-PCR reactions, we amplified tobacco actin (GenBank accession no. X63603; Thangavelu et al, 1993) using forward and reverse primers, 5#-TCACTGAAGCACCTCTTAACC-3# and 5#-CAGCTTCCATTCCAATCA-TTG-3#, respectively, which generated a 500-bp product.…”

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Calreticulin on Viral Cell-to-Cell Movement

et al. 2005

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Cell-to-cell tobacco mosaic virus movement protein (TMV MP) mediates viral spread between the host cells through plasmodesmata. Although several host factors have been shown to interact with TMV MP, none of them coresides with TMV MP within plasmodesmata. We used affinity purification to isolate a tobacco protein that binds TMV MP and identified it as calreticulin. The interaction between TMV MP and calreticulin was confirmed in vivo and in vitro, and both proteins were shown to share a similar pattern of subcellular localization to plasmodesmata. Elevation of the intracellular levels of calreticulin severely interfered with plasmodesmal targeting of TMV MP, which, instead, was redirected to the microtubular network. Furthermore, in TMV-infected plant tissues overexpressing calreticulin, the inability of TMV MP to reach plasmodesmata substantially impaired cell-to-cell movement of the virus. Collectively, these observations suggest a functional relationship between calreticulin, TMV MP, and viral cell-to-cell movement.Following initial infection (usually by mechanical inoculation), many plant viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), spread from cell to cell through plasmodesmata (for review, see Heinlein, 2002;Waigmann et al., 2004), presumably utilizing the existing cellular pathways of plasmodesmal transport. In the case of TMV, this virus encodes a specific cell-to-cell movement protein (MP), which mediates the transport of the viral genomic RNA through plasmodesmata (Deom et al., 1987). To date, MP has been shown to bind TMV RNA (Citovsky et al., 1990(Citovsky et al., , 1992, associate with the cytoskeleton (Heinlein et al., 1995;McLean et al., 1995;Boyko et al., 2000) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Heinlein et al., 1998;Reichel and Beachy, 1999), target to plasmodesmata within plant cell walls (Tomenius et al., 1987;Ding et al., 1992a), increase plasmodesmal permeability (Wolf et al., 1989;Waigmann et al., 1994), and undergo negative regulation by phosphorylation (Citovsky et al., 1993;Waigmann et al., 2000;Trutnyeva et al., 2005). To perform many of these functions, TMV MP most likely cooperates with different cellular factors, some of which, such as cell wall pectin methylesterases (PME; Dorokhov et al., 1999;Chen et al., 2000), microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (Heinlein et al., 1995;McLean et al., 1995;Boyko et al., 2000), and a RIO protein kinase (Yoshioka et al., 2004), are known, while others remain to be discovered. It would be especially interesting to determine whether cellular proteins exist that not only recognize TMV MP but also coreside with it within plasmodesmata.Using TMV MP as specific ligand in a biochemical purification protocol, we showed that it interacts with plant calreticulin. Calreticulin is a Ca 21 -sequestering protein that is highly conserved between different species, including plants ( Nelson et al., 1997; Borisjuk et al., 1998, and refs. therein;Michalak et al., 1998). Functionally, calreticulin is involved in Ca 21 storage and signaling, chaperone activity, cell ad...

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“…The apical region is essentially devoid of organized filaments, but a mesh of very short and highly dynamic fragments are observed in the subapical region and in less amount in the "clear zone" (Fu et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2002), where vesicles present apparently random brownian-like motion (Pierson et al, 1990). Several genes encoding isoforms of actin expressed in mature pollen grains have been identified (Thangavelu et al, 1993;Huang et al, 1996;Huang et al, 1997). During pollen maturation there is a switch from vegetative to reproductive actin isoforms, which are believed to fulfill unique functions during pollen development (Kandasamy et al, 1999).…”

Section: B a D Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

Boavida¹,

Vieira²,

Becker³

et al. 2005

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The evolutionary success of higher plants relies on a very short gametophytic phase, which underlies the sexual reproduction cycle. Sexual plant reproduction takes place in special organs of the flower: pollen, the male gametophyte, is released from the anthers and then adheres, grows and interacts along various tissues of the female organs, collectively known as the pistil. Finally, it fertilizes the female gametophyte, the embryo sac. Pollen is released as bi or tricellular, highly de-hydrated and presumably containing all the biochemical components and transcripts to germinate. Upon hydration on the female tissues, it develops a cytoplasmic extension, the pollen tube, which is one of the fastest growing cells in nature. Pollen is completely "ready-to-go", but despite this seemingly simple reaction, very complex interactions take place with the female tissues. In higher animals, genetic mechanisms for sex determination establish striking developmental differences between males and females. In contrast, most higher plant species develop both male and female structures within the same flower, allowing self-fertilization. Outcrossing is ensured by self-incompatibility mechanisms, which evolved under precise genetic control, controlling self-recognition and cell-to-cell interaction. Equally important is pollen selection along the female tissues, where interactions between different cell types with inherent signalling properties correspond to check-points to ensure fertilization. Last but not least, pollen-pistil interaction occurs in a way that enables the correct targeting of the pollen tubes to the receptive ovules. In this review, we cover the basic mechanisms underlying sexual plant reproduction, from the structural and cellular determinants, to the most recent genetic advances.

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Partial characterization of the Nicotiana tabacum actin gene family: Evidence for pollen-specific expression of one of the gene family members

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

Linker Histones Play a Role in Male Meiosis and the Development of Pollen Grains in Tobacco

Linker Histones Play a Role in Male Meiosis and the Development of Pollen Grains in Tobacco

Effects of Calreticulin on Viral Cell-to-Cell Movement

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

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