Partial Chemical Characterization of the Cell Wall of <i>Nocardia asteroides</i> Strain 131

Azuma, Ichiro; Kanetsuna, Fuminori; Tanaka, Yoshinori; Mera, M Urrutia; Yanagihara, Yasutake; Mifuchi, Ichiji; Yamamura, Yuichi

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1973.tb00720.x

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These were evident in silver stains of some WI-1 eluates. A high molecular weight, heat stable (100IC) factor known as "Heiner's C" (31), which is a galactomannan common to B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum, and Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis (32), has been linked to the cross-reactivity seen in purified preparations ofH and M components from H. capsulatum (33). Finally, we cannot exclude the possibility that the two patients were previously infected with B. dermatitidis, since they resided in co-endemic areas and clinical information concerning blastomycosis was not ascertained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients.

Klein¹,

Jones²

1990

J. Clin. Invest.

104

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No well-defined Blastomyces-specific antigens are currently available. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting to identify immunologically active molecules in the cell wall of B. dermatitidis. A major immunoreactive 120-kD protein (WI-1) was present in all five strains studied and comprised 5% of the protein in the cell wall extract obtained after freezing and thawing yeast cells. WI-1 was recognized by serum from all 10 patients with blastomycosis but by none of those from 5 patients with histoplasmosis. It was purified by electroelution, radiolabeled with 1II, and incorporated into a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serodiagnosis of blastomycosis. Antibody to WI-1 was detected in 58 (85%)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients.

Klein¹,

Jones²

1990

J. Clin. Invest.

104

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“…A variety of other compounds linked to mycolic acids are localized in the nocardial cell envelope (24,29,55,86,226,277,333,469). Little is known concerning the toxicity or biological activity of these compounds.…”

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basal glycan consists of ,B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-1,4-N-glycolylmuramic acid with L-alanine linked to the carboxyl group of N-glycolylmuramic acid (30). The amino acid side chains consist of diamidated L-alanine-D-ct-glutamine-meso-DAP tripeptides and L-alanine-D-ct-glutaminemeso-DAP-D-alanine tetrapeptides (29,688 333-336, 412, 469, 614). This trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) has specific biologic activity; it is toxic, it inhibits calcium-dependent membrane fusion, it inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, and it appears to be associated with nocardial virulence (336,615,629,630,661,729).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Nocardl4 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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“…The cell walls of Nocardia asteroides are chemically and structurally complex (1,2,5,17). There have been several studies on the chemical and ultrastructural composition of the cell walls of these bacteria with specific emphasis on the lipoidal materials prominent in nocardial envelopes (1,2,5,11,14,16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among cell wall composition, stage of growth, and virulence of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

Beaman¹,

Moring²

1988

Infect Immun

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The clearance and organ distribution of virulent Nocardia asteroides GUH-2P and the avirulent mutant GUH-2AI at different stages of growth was determined after intravenous inoculation into BALB/c mice. The mutant differed significantly from the parent strain in its ability to survive and grow within the murine host.Since the mutant GUH-2AI had a very different colonial morphology compared with GUH-2P, it was believed that cell surface components might be affected by the mutation that resulted in the loss of virulence. Therefore, cell walls of both GUH-2P and GUH-2AI at different stages of growth were prepared and their composition determined. There were growth-stage-dependent changes in the composition of the cell walls that appeared to correlate with concurrent alterations in virulence; however, the overall chemical composition of the cell wall of the mutant (GUH-2AI) was not significantly different from that of the parent strain (GUH-2P). Both strains demonstrated significant modifications in fatty and mycolic acid composition at different stages of growth.Furthermore, the specific composition of C. mycolic acids was very different in virulent log-phase cells compared with less-virulent stationary-phase cells, and the avirulent mutant lacked a CS4:3 mycolate that was prominent in the virulent log-phase GUH-2P. Thus, CS4:3 mycolic acid represented 2.5% of the cell wall (dry weight) in log-phase GUH-2P, but it was undetectable in the walls of GUH-2AI at the stationary phase of growth. These results suggest that certain mycolic acids are associated with virulence.

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Partial Chemical Characterization of the Cell Wall of Nocardia asteroides Strain 131

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients.

Isolation, purification, and radiolabeling of a novel 120-kD surface protein on Blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts to detect antibody in infected patients.

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Relationship among cell wall composition, stage of growth, and virulence of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

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