Partial depolymerization of genetically modified potato tuber periderm reveals intermolecular linkages in suberin polyester

Graça, José; Cabral, Vanessa; Santos, Sara; Lamosa, Pedro; Serra, Olga; Molinas, Marisa; Schreiber, Lukas; Kauder, Friedrich; Franke, Rochus

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.010

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Also, the establishment of correlations between gene expression and one of the most relevant cork quality traits was achieved. Although periderm formation and development has been extensively studied at the chemical and molecular level [(Miguel et al, 2015; Wunderling et al, 2018) and reviewed in (Franke et al, 2012; Graça et al, 2015; Vishwanath et al, 2015)], our results at the chromatin level brings novelty and adds significant value to the comprehension of its ontogeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cork Oak Young and Traumatic Periderms Show PCD Typical Chromatin Patterns but Different Chromatin-Modifying Genes Expression

et al. 2018

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Plants are subjected to adverse conditions being outer protective tissues fundamental to their survival. Tree stems are enveloped by a periderm made of cork cells, resulting from the activity of the meristem phellogen. DNA methylation and histone modifications have important roles in the regulation of plant cell differentiation. However, studies on its involvement in cork differentiation are scarce despite periderm importance. Cork oak periderm development was used as a model to study the formation and differentiation of secondary protective tissues, and their behavior after traumatic wounding (traumatic periderm). Nuclei structural changes, dynamics of DNA methylation, and posttranslational histone modifications were assessed in young and traumatic periderms, after cork harvesting. Lenticular phellogen producing atypical non-suberized cells that disaggregate and form pores was also studied, due to high impact for cork industrial uses. Immunolocalization of active and repressive marks, transcription analysis of the corresponding genes, and correlations between gene expression and cork porosity were investigated. During young periderm development, a reduction in nuclei area along with high levels of DNA methylation occurred throughout epidermis disruption. As cork cells became more differentiated, whole nuclei progressive chromatin condensation with accumulation in the nuclear periphery and increasing DNA methylation was observed. Lenticular cells nuclei were highly fragmented with faint 5-mC labeling. Phellogen nuclei were less methylated than in cork cells, and in lenticular phellogen were even lower. No significant differences were detected in H3K4me3 and H3K18ac signals between cork cells layers, although an increase in H3K4me3 signals was found from the phellogen to cork cells. Distinct gene expression patterns in young and traumatic periderms suggest that cork differentiation might be under specific silencing regulatory pathways. Significant correlations were found between QsMET1, QsMET2, and QsSUVH4 gene expression and cork porosity. This work evidences that DNA methylation and histone modifications play a role in cork differentiation and epidermis induced tension-stress. It also provides the first insights into chromatin dynamics during cork and lenticular cells differentiation pointing to a distinct type of remodeling associated with cell death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cork Oak Young and Traumatic Periderms Show PCD Typical Chromatin Patterns but Different Chromatin-Modifying Genes Expression

et al. 2018

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“…In potato, the phenolic monomers include hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (monolignols), hydroxycinnamic acids, amides and esters, while the aliphatic monomers consist of very‐long‐chain fatty acids, 1‐alkanols, ω‐hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω‐dioic acids. Once at the site of incorporation, phenolics are thought to be cross‐linked within the cell wall via an oxidative free‐radical coupling process (Razem and Bernards, ; Arrieta‐Baez and Stark, ), while aliphatic monomers may be esterified together or through glycerol linkers to create an insoluble matrix (insolubles; Beisson et al ., ; Yang et al ., , , ), or remain as unlinked waxes (solubles) associated with the polymer (for review, see Li‐Beisson et al ., ; Graça et al ., ; Vishwanath et al ., ). While the precise macromolecular structure of suberin is not known, one common feature of suberized tissues is the presence of both phenolic and aliphatic polymeric domains within the same cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential induction of polar and non‐polar metabolism during wound‐induced suberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYWound-induced suberin deposition involves the temporal and spatial coordination of phenolic and fatty acid metabolism. Phenolic metabolism leads to both soluble metabolites that accumulate as defense compounds as well as hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives that form the basis of the poly(phenolic) domain found in suberized tissue. Fatty acid metabolism involves the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, 1-alkanols, x-hydroxy fatty acids and a,x-dioic acids that form a poly(aliphatic) domain, commonly referred to as suberin. Using the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone (FD), we reduced wound-induced de novo biosynthesis of ABA in potato tubers, and measured the impact on the expression of genes involved in phenolic metabolism (StPAL1, StC4H, StCCR, StTHT), aliphatic metabolism (StCYP86A33, StCYP86B12, StFAR3, StKCS6), metabolism linking phenolics and aliphatics (StFHT) or acyl chains and glycerol (StGPAT5, StGPAT6), and in the delivery of aliphatic monomers to the site of suberization (StABCG1). In FD-treated tissue, both aliphatic gene expression and accumulation of aliphatic suberin monomers were delayed. Exogenous ABA restored normal aliphatic suberin deposition in FD-treated tissue, and enhanced aliphatic gene expression and poly(aliphatic) domain deposition when applied alone. By contrast, phenolic metabolism genes were not affected by FD treatment, while FD + ABA and ABA treatments slightly enhanced the accumulation of polar metabolites. These data support a role for ABA in the differential induction of phenolic and aliphatic metabolism during wound-induced suberization in potato.

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“…A broad set of published works on these subjects were compiled by Graça and Li‐Beisson et al . Several building blocks involving two to four monomers linked by ester bonds have already been identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), ESI‐MS and NMR: monoacylglycerols, 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diacylglycerols, linear aliphatic dimers with two‐fatty acids, α,ω‐diacid‐diglycerol trimers and ferulates . Triacylglycerol structural blocks were only identified in partial depolymerisations of suberin from potato periderm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,23,28 Different approaches have been used in the last two decades in order to comprehend the suberin biosynthesis and its macromolecular assembling, namely, partial depolymerisation, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1 H-, 13 C-and 31 P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermochemolysis, ionic fluids extraction, enzymatic depolymerisation, enzymes and genes identification and genetic manipulations. A broad set of published works on these subjects were compiled by Graça 29 and Li-Beisson et al 30 Several building blocks involving two to four monomers linked by ester bonds have already been identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ESI-MS and NMR: monoacylglycerols, 16,31,32 1,2-and 1,3diacylglycerols, [31][32][33] linear aliphatic dimers with two-fatty acids, [32][33][34] α,ω-diacid-diglycerol trimers 31,32 and ferulates. [31][32][33] Triacylglycerol structural blocks were only identified in partial depolymerisations of suberin from potato periderm.…”

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confidence: 99%

A methodological approach for the simultaneous quantification of glycerol and fatty acids from cork suberin in a single GC run

Marques

Pereira

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Suberin, as part of plant protective barriers, is one of the most important natural polymers after cellulose and lignin. For a full elucidation of suberin structure the quantification of glycerol, fatty α,ω‐diacids and ω‐hydroxyacids, the major building blocks of suberin, is of primary importance. Glycerol is often lost in the most used analytical procedures or rarely determined by deficient or too laborious techniques. Objectives Propose a simple, accessible and reliable methanolysis work‐up procedure for an accurate and simultaneous quantification of glycerol and suberin fatty monomers in the same GC run. Material and methods Cork from Quercus suber L. was depolymerised by methanolysis. Glycerol was derivatised to an organic soluble form before the suberin monomers recovery in water/organic solvent partition. Gas chromatography flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) response factors were determined for glycerol, ferulic acid and one for each fatty monomer substructure. Additionally, 1,2,4‐butanetriol and methyl nonadecanoate were used as internal standards. Results The proposed experimental approach allowed the glycerol and all the fatty suberin monomers in the same GC run to be quantified accurately. Glycerol represented 30.6 area%, 14.2 mass% and 38.4 molar% of suberin and the COOH/OH groups ratio was 0.6:1 in the proposed experimental approach in contrast with 0.10 area% and COOH/OH ratio of 3:1 in the most used protocol. Furthermore, ω‐hydroxyacids/α,ω‐diacids mass ratio was 1:1 as opposed to an area ratio of 1.5:1. Conclusion The proposed work‐up procedure revealed to be a reliable analytical tool for the complete analysis of suberin allowing the future knowledge to grow towards a better understanding of suberin structure throughout its range and variability.

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Partial depolymerization of genetically modified potato tuber periderm reveals intermolecular linkages in suberin polyester

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Cork Oak Young and Traumatic Periderms Show PCD Typical Chromatin Patterns but Different Chromatin-Modifying Genes Expression

Cork Oak Young and Traumatic Periderms Show PCD Typical Chromatin Patterns but Different Chromatin-Modifying Genes Expression

Differential induction of polar and non‐polar metabolism during wound‐induced suberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

A methodological approach for the simultaneous quantification of glycerol and fatty acids from cork suberin in a single GC run

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