Partial Dietary Inclusion of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (Black Soldier Fly) Full-Fat Prepupae in Zebrafish Feed: Biometric, Histological, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications

Zarantoniello, Matteo; Bruni, Leonardo; Randazzo, Basilio; Vargas, Arturo; Gioacchini, Giorgia; Truzzi, Cristina; Annibaldi, Anna; Riolo, Paola; Parisi, Giuliana; Cardinaletti, Gloriana; Tulli, Francesca; Olivotto, Ike

doi:10.1089/zeb.2018.1596

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…No histopathological alterations were observed in the liver of Siberian sturgeons fed HIM based diets. This result is in agreement with those observed in Japanese seabass [29], Atlantic salmon [30,31], zebrafish (Danio rerio) [52], and rainbow trout [16] fed with HIM meal. On the contrary, Li et al [20] observed significant alterations in liver (decrease hepatopancreas fat deposition and increase in mild necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes) in Jian carp (Ciprinus carpio var.…”

Section: Histological Investigationssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…One of the limiting factors of including insect meal in fish feed is their chitin content, which is able to determine gut and liver histological changes [16]. In particular, chitin could affect liver lipid accumulation [20] and may induce intestinal inflammation [52]. The histological effects on liver and gut by HIM utilization in diets for different fish species have already been characterized, with different results being obtained until now [16,20,24,31].…”

Section: Histological Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles?

Caimi

Gasco

Biasato

et al. 2020

Animals

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The trial investigates if a highly defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal (H) at two dietary inclusion levels and a vegetable protein based diet (VEG) influences the normal gut and liver histology and the oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon juveniles. Fish were fed four diets: one control diet (H0) containing 70% of fishmeal (FM), two diets including 18.5% (H185) and 37.5% (H375) of highly defatted H in substitution for 25% and 50% of FM, and one vegetable protein based diet (VEG). At the end of a growth trial, 12 fish per treatment were sacrificed by over-anaesthesia to collect 12 liver and 5 distal intestine samples for histological analyses, as well as 12 liver and kidney samples for biochemical analyses. The H and VEG diets did not significantly affect the histology of liver and distal intestine, but alterations of the oxidative stress biomarkers were detected at the highest inclusion level of H (37.5%). In order to avoid unfavorable effects on the fish health, an inclusion level up to 18.5% of H is recommended for Siberian sturgeon juveniles.

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Section: Histological Investigationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Histological Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles?

Caimi

Gasco

Biasato

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…In particular, Truzzi et al (2020) 9 demonstrated that the addition of a 10% (w/w) of Schizochytrium sp. to the growth substrate was an efficient method to enrich BSF final biomass in terms of PUFAs and to increase, with respect to previous studies on zebrafish, the BSF meal inclusion level in the fish diets without affecting fish welfare 21,29,33 . However, the potential of these enriched BSF prepupae as alternative feed ingredient for fish was evaluated only during the fish larval stage 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers. The promotion of high-quality fish production as well as fish welfare are the main aquaculture goals, both strictly related to an adequate fish nutrition 1. The use of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in aquafeed formulation is no more feasible because of important environmental and economic issues 2. Over the last decades, several alternative ingredients (plant origin proteins, microalgae and processed animal proteins) to FM and FO have been tested 3. However, each of these ingredients showed some disadvantages in its application in aquafeed formulation including unbalanced amino acid profile, poor protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors and high production costs 3,4. Insects are now considered as an alternative and sustainable ingredient for feed production 5. In particular, the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) larvae are one of the most promising candidates because of their proper protein content and the amino acid composition similar to that of FM 6,7. In addition, BSF have low environmental requirements, a high feed conversion efficiency and they can growth on organic by-products, promoting sustainability and the circular economy concept in the aquaculture sector 8,9. Several studies tested different BSF inclusion levels in aquafeed formulation but results on fish physiological responses are still controversial, while behavioural effects on fish are completely missing 10-13. The use of BSF in aquafeed has been shown, at certain inclusion levels,

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“…Importantly, without defatting, it is not easy to use HF larvae in a marine-fish diet and obtain appropriate crude protein and lipid composition, since HF larvae have an excess of crude lipids (20-35%, dry matter) and markedly different fatty acid profiles than feeds made from wild fish. The fatty acid profile in black-soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) was reported to affect lipid composition and accumulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) [44,45]. Eliminating the hydrophobic faction is, therefore, an important first step in the development of HF larva-based feeds for marine-fish aquaculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Hashizume

Ido

Ohta

et al. 2019

Fishes

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Insects are an attractive alternative to fish meal (FM) as a sustainable protein source in aquaculture feed that does not negatively impact the marine ecosystem. Despite housefly (Musca domestica) larvae having adequacy of amino acid profiles, they have sometimes been reported to be inferior to FM, especially for marine carnivorous fish species. Here, we report that the removal of the hydrophobic fractions from housefly larvae enables significant replacement of FM in the diet of the red seabream (Pagrus major). In a feeding trial, housefly (HF) larvae that had the hydrophobic fraction removed as a complete substitution for 70% FM produced satisfactory growth. However, HF larvae that were supplemented with the hydrophobic fraction resulted in significant growth reduction. Growth recovery was incomplete by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to undefatted HF larvae, being equivalent to that of fatty acid content with a control diet. Moreover, fish with a dietary intake of catechol identified from the hydrophobic fraction of the HF showed growth reduction and morphological alterations in the intestine. Our findings indicate that the hydrophobic fraction from HF larvae contains a negative factor for fish growth and eliminating the fraction from HF larvae is thought to be an important process for sustainable aquaculture.

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Partial Dietary Inclusion of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Full-Fat Prepupae in Zebrafish Feed: Biometric, Histological, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications

Cited by 72 publications

References 51 publications

Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles?

Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles?

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

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