Partial Encryption of Entropy-Coded Video Compression Using Coupled Chaotic Maps

Abstract

Due to pervasive communication infrastructures, a plethora of enabling technologies is being developed over mobile and wired networks. Among these, video streaming services over IP are the most challenging in terms of quality, real-time requirements and security. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to efficiently secure variable length coded (VLC) multimedia bit streams, such as H.264. It is based on code word error diffusion and variable size segment shuffling. The codeword diffusion and the shuffling mechanisms are based on random operations from a secure and computationally efficient chaos-based pseudo-random number generator. The proposed scheme is ubiquitous to the end users and can be deployed at any node in the network. It provides different levels of security, with encrypted data volume fluctuating between 5.5-17%. It works on the compressed bit stream without requiring any decoding. It provides excellent encryption speeds on different platforms, including mobile devices. It is 200% faster and 150% more power efficient when compared with AES software-based full encryption schemes. Regarding security, the scheme is robust to well-known attacks in the literature, such as brute force and known/chosen plain text attacks.

A Colour Image Encryption Scheme Using Permutation-Substitution Based on Chaos

“…Inevitably, most of them have proven to be insecure because the trajectories in low dimension chaotic systems are periodic for finite precisions in digital computers [15,17,18,21,28,33]. To overcome this flaw, the Coupled Map Lattices (CML) system, which is a spatiotemporal chaos [16,37], has been widely employed in cryptography [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]32]. The CML system contains multiple positive Lyapunov exponents, which indicates that its trajectories have longer periodicity in digitalization of finite precision computations.…”

A New Steganography Technique using JPEG Images

“…The input range for generating every random number depends on the bit length of the keys and nature of data and operation to be performed on data. We use a Chaotic based random number generator proposed by [24] to shuffle the secret message location within the cover image. We use a 256 key to increase the security level.…”

Secure Real-Time Chaotic Partial Encryption of Entropy-Coded Multimedia Information for Mobile Devices: Smartphones

“…MPEG4-Audio on the other side offers scalable embedded coding, in which the lower rate base layer represents the intelligible part of the speech to be encrypted [16]. The amount of encrypted data in speech coding is significantly reduced to about 3%-45% of the total bitstream, however, not all JCSE schemes fall in the category of strong encryption [17]. The vast majority of JCSE schemes in the literature are aimed at securing image and video data.…”

“…The frequency of induced biterrors (or random bit flipping) depends on the Mean Error Propagation length (MEPL) [29], which represents the number of affected codewords (error propagation) until selfsynchronization occurs. Our new scheme, derived from our previous proposed scheme in [17], proposes major changes that considerably simplify the encryption process, improve performance, increase security, and more importantly provide computational stability (see Wobbling effect below). We are aimed at providing high performance and secure codecindependent SE for low-to-mid power smartphones based on three major contributions: a) New integer-based Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) for secure random bit errors in the bitstream; b) a clueless phantom Dynamic Bit-Reference Point (DRP) for the bit flipping; and c) Random selection of byte-trajectories for the both DRP and bit flipping processes (this step doubles the security of our previous scheme [17]).…”

“…DRP is not directly exposed under a known/chosen attack, hence the name of phantom DRP. Furthermore, we eliminate the shuffling process proposed in [17] (not robust to chosen/plaintext attack) and include an optional and secure step in which chaotic trajectories are randomly selected in such a way that, they may come from N different maps and from different iterations in time. Our scheme duplicates the security of [17], showing extremely fast speed on different smartphone CPU technologies and Android OS versions.…”