“…The classical fixed income interest rate immunization model uses a univariate Taylor series expansion to derive two rules for immunizing a zero surplus fixed income portfolio against a change in the level of interest rates: 1) match the duration of cash inflows (assets) and outflows (liabilities); and, 2) set the asset cash flows to have more dispersion (convexity) than the liability cash flows around that duration, e.g., Redington (1952), Shiu (1987Shiu ( , 1990, Reitano (1991aReitano ( , 1991bReitano ( , 1992Reitano ( , 1996, and Poitras (2007and Poitras ( , 2013. 8 In the classical case of a fixed income portfolio associated with a life insurance or pension company, surplus immunization is structured around the balance sheet of an individual fund.…”