Sound speeds have been measured for aqueous solutions of five tetrapeptides and five pentapeptides at T = 298.15 K. The partial molar isentropic compressions at infinite dilution, K • S,2 , were derived for the peptides using conventional methods. The results were compared with those calculated using group additivity methods, with the amino acid sidechain contributions derived using K • S,2 data reported previously for some tripeptides of sequence gly-X-gly, where X represents an amino acid, and also for some N -acetyl amino acid amides. The tripeptides are the preferred model compounds for the estimation of the side-chain contributions to K • S,2 of a polypeptide. Our study also confirms that simple group additivity schemes are not feasible for the estimation of K • S,2 values for polypeptides and unfolded proteins.