Partial oxidation of isobutene to methacrolein on Bi-W/Fe-Co-Mo-K catalysts

Partial Oxidation in the Integral Reactor: Possibilities of a Mathematical Description

“…The modified residence time is related to the mass m cat,z of the catalytically active compound (1) The gas composition at port z is quantified by using a normalized dimensionless concentration of species i, (2) relating the molar flux of species i to the molar flux of C 4 -hydrocarbon at reactor inlet, e i being the number of carbon atoms in molecule i. The sum of all Y i,z equals one; in the case of reaction products Y i,z represents the yield.…”

“…Different gas mixtures ± composed of the hydrocarbon, air, nitrogen, and potentially water ± were fed to the tube reactor which is 1500 mm in length and 15 mm in diameter containing up to 480 g of catalyst [1]. The reactor is equipped with seven drawing ports distributed along the catalyst bed.…”

Exploring structure, temperature and activity correlations in the selective oxidation of lower olefins over Bi–Mo–Co–Fe–O catalysts by spatial reactor profile measurements

“…41 On a fundamental level, such reaction networks were mainly predicted from simulations and kinetic studies in the past. 42–47 Since the assumptions for such kinetic models ( e.g. , low conversion, isothermal conditions) are often rather simplified, more realistic parameters need to be considered to optimise the catalytic processes under operating conditions.…”

“…41 On a fundamental level, such reaction networks were mainly predicted from simulations and kinetic studies in the past. [42][43][44][45][46][47] Since the assumptions for such kinetic models (e.g., low conversion, isothermal conditions) are often rather simplified, more realistic parameters need to be considered to optimise the catalytic processes under operating conditions. For this purpose, non-isothermal spatial profiling experiments can enable new insights beyond the conventional "black box" approach and can validate or complement theoretical predictions about catalyst behaviour.…”

Efficient one-step oxidation of isobutylene to methacrylic acid over Mo–V–Te–Cs by integrating active lattice oxygen and suitable medium acidity

“…The current industrial process for converting isobutylene to MAA generally involves a two-step procedure: First oxidation of isobutylene to methacrolein (MAL) and then oxidation of MAL to MAA. For the first step, multi-metal oxide catalysts represented by Mo–Bi are used, with the yield in the range of 60–80%; 1–5 the second step uses a heteropolyacid catalyst, represented by the H 4 PMo 11 VO 40 series catalysts with yield in the range of 20–80%. 6–12 If we can prepare MAA from isobutylene in one step, considerable material and economic losses can be avoided.…”