Partial REM-Sleep Deprivation Increases the Dream-Like Quality of Mentation From REM Sleep and Sleep Onset

Nielsen, Toré; Stenstrom, Philippe; Takeuchi, Tomoka; Saucier, Sébastien; Lara-Carrasco, Jessica; Solomonova, Elizaveta; Martel, Emilie

doi:10.1093/sleep/28.9.1083

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Though the two phenomena have often been seen as synonymous since Aserinsky and Kleitman's discovery of the association between the REM sleep and dreaming (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953), dream-like mental activity occurs in all sleep stages (Nielsen, 2000), including briefly at sleep onset (NREM1) (Mavromatis, 1987; Hori et al, 1994; Nielsen et al, 2005) as well as in NREM2 (Antrobus et al, 1995; Fosse et al, 2004), particularly later in the night (Cavallero et al, 1992). Mentation from NREM3/4 sleep, also known as Slow Wave Sleep (SWS), has also been reported, albeit more rarely (Cavallero et al, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports

Fox¹,

Nijeboer²,

Solomonova³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Isolated reports have long suggested a similarity in content and thought processes across mind wandering (MW) during waking, and dream mentation during sleep. This overlap has encouraged speculation that both “daydreaming” and dreaming may engage similar brain mechanisms. To explore this possibility, we systematically examined published first-person experiential reports of MW and dreaming and found many similarities: in both states, content is largely audiovisual and emotional, follows loose narratives tinged with fantasy, is strongly related to current concerns, draws on long-term memory, and simulates social interactions. Both states are also characterized by a relative lack of meta-awareness. To relate first-person reports to neural evidence, we compared meta-analytic data from numerous functional neuroimaging (PET, fMRI) studies of the default mode network (DMN, with high chances of MW) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (with high chances of dreaming). Our findings show large overlaps in activation patterns of cortical regions: similar to MW/DMN activity, dreaming and REM sleep activate regions implicated in self-referential thought and memory, including medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), medial temporal lobe structures, and posterior cingulate. Conversely, in REM sleep numerous PFC executive regions are deactivated, even beyond levels seen during waking MW. We argue that dreaming can be understood as an “intensified” version of waking MW: though the two share many similarities, dreams tend to be longer, more visual and immersive, and to more strongly recruit numerous key hubs of the DMN. Further, whereas MW recruits fewer PFC regions than goal-directed thought, dreaming appears to be characterized by an even deeper quiescence of PFC regions involved in cognitive control and metacognition, with a corresponding lack of insight and meta-awareness. We suggest, then, that dreaming amplifies the same features that distinguish MW from goal-directed waking thought.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports

Fox¹,

Nijeboer²,

Solomonova³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Self Cite

245

276

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Log word information count (ln(x + 1))propensity by REM sleep deprivation increases the dreamlike quality of both nighttime REM dreams and sleep onset NREM dreams the following evening 67. Homeostatic and circadian influences on dreaming: NREM mentation during a short daytime nap.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultradian, Circadian, and Sleep-Dependent Features of Dreaming

Nielsen¹

2011

Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine

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“…Ketamine also increases cortical acetylcholine (Kim et al 1999), upon which REM sleep is dependent (Rye 1997), and there is a REM rebound following the increase in NREM delta over the 12 h after ketamine (Feinberg and March 1995). Such an activating effect on sleep would cause an intensification of dream imagery (Dement 1960;Nielsen et al 2005). However, as the greater unpleasantness of the dreams of the ketamine group seems to result from a diminishing of positive emotions, rather than an intensification of negative emotions, it is unclear how an intensification of dream imagery could have resulted in such a profile of differences in dream emotions between the ketamine and placebo groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incidence of unpleasant dreams after sub-anaesthetic ketamine

et al. 2008

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Partial REM-Sleep Deprivation Increases the Dream-Like Quality of Mentation From REM Sleep and Sleep Onset

Abstract: SO mentation responds to REMD much like REM mentation does, a finding consistent with other work supporting the notion of covert REM-sleep processes at SO. DLQ may be mediated by both increases in REM-sleep propensity and a circadian process indexed by sleepiness ratings.

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports

Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports

Ultradian, Circadian, and Sleep-Dependent Features of Dreaming

The incidence of unpleasant dreams after sub-anaesthetic ketamine

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