Partial replacement of carbon black with graphene in natural rubber/butadiene rubber based tire compound: Investigation of critical properties

Rajan, Krishna Prasad; Gopanna, Aravinthan; Theravalappil, Rajesh; Abdelghani, Emad A.M.; Thomas, Selvin P.

doi:10.1007/s10965-021-02871-w

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Recently, Rajan et.al reported that partial replacement of carbon black with modified graphene (2.5phr) improved the distribution of filler within the polymer matrices while keeping the total filler content constant. Low rolling resistance reported in this study favoured the development of sustainable green tyre compounds [10]. Yang et al reported the CB replacement with graphene oxide (GO)/CB and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CB hybrid fillers to enhance the physical properties of natural rubber composites [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Jandas

Jose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The present study is proposing an eco-friendly, green tyre tread formulation possessing excellent output properties in terms of abrasion resistance, mechanical, rolling resistance and heat buildup properties. A standard formulation was prepared with a nominal amount of carbon black (CB) filler and tried to reduce the filler loading to a minimum value without compromising the performance characteristics. The simultaneous reduction in aromatic oil content also tried to make the formulation eco-friendly. To compensate for the effect of changes in the formulation a binary hybrid filler system was prepared by the partial replacement of CB using graphite. To ensure the maximum dispersion, a filler masterbatch of graphite was prepared within natural rubber matrix (NR) as (50/50) composition and incorporated into the compound master batch. The effect of thermal exfoliation of graphite on the dispersion thereby the performance of the composite was also analyzed. The graphite was thermally treated for a sudden thermal shock for 15 minutes at various temperatures ranging from 400–550 ˚C. Rolling resistance and heat build-up were recorded 45% and 53% reduction respectively for the formulations with thermally exfoliated graphite in comparison with the standard formulation. Abrasion resistance showed 18% improvement and significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties are also reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, CB is categorized under 2B carcinogen and derived from petroleum feedstock [8], [9], [10]. In 'Green Tyre' concept renewable raw materials are processed through energy-efficient methods into environment-friendly products [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Jandas

Jose

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, Rajan et al reported that partial replacement of carbon black with modified graphene (2.5 phr) improved the distribution of filler within the polymer matrices while keeping the total filler content constant. Low rolling resistance reported in this study favored the development of sustainable green tyre compounds 12 . Yang et al reported the carbon black replacement with graphene oxide (GO)/carbon black and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/carbon black hybrid fillers to enhance the physical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, it is categorized under 2B carcinogen, hampering the environmental sustainability and derived from the perishable petroleum feedstock. 6,11,12 Eradication of tyre tread arise environmental hazardousness which is a ponderous subject to explore today. 13 Effective utilization of the renewable resources along with sustainable usage of materials and methodology are found to be popular in this view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon black is the conventional filler used for tyre production because of its prominent reinforcement characteristics, conductivity, and cost‐effectiveness. However, it is categorized under 2B carcinogen, hampering the environmental sustainability and derived from the perishable petroleum feedstock 6,11,12 . Eradication of tyre tread arise environmental hazardousness which is a ponderous subject to explore today 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers

Jandas

Jose

Ajnas

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ecofriendly green tyre tread compounds were developed with low rolling resistance, low heat buildup, and improved wet grip properties. A standard formulation of natural rubber (NR) and butadiene (BR) with 50 phr carbon black was prepared in a brabender plasticoder. Based on the processability, successful reduction of carbon black and aromatic oil content was done up to a minimum value of 32 and 3 phr respectively. Partial replacement of graphite with carbon black was done to achieve the optimized formulation. A binary filler system with 10 phr graphite and 22 phr carbon black was optimized based on the mechanical properties and further addition of graphite leads to reduction in properties due to agglomeration. To enhance the properties further, the graphite was thermally treated to get an exfoliated structure which can significantly improve the area of the filler/matrix macromolecules interface. This ultimately had a positive impact on targeted properties. A sudden thermal shock for 15 min at various temperatures ranging from 400 to 550 C was given and prepared the optimized binary formulation and evaluated the properties. Excellent results in terms of low rolling resistance (0.039) and heat build-up (18 C) were recorded for final formulation. The flex fatigue resistance was enhanced and the thermal stability improved by 29 C.

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Hybrid enhancement of silica and aramid pulp on improving performance and reducing dynamic heat generation of natural rubber composites

et al. 2023

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The composites with excellent mechanical, low rolling resistance, and low heat build‐up are the potential materials for preparing green tires. In this study, we prepared silica‐natural rubber latex (silica‐NRL) masterbatch, which improved the processing and dispersion properties of silica in the natural rubber, proved by the rheological properties of composites. Furthermore, the idea of partial replacement of silica with low content modified aramid pulp (AP) for preparing hybrid enhanced natural rubber with high mechanical properties and low heat build‐up was put forward and evaluated the feasibility of this strategy. We find that replacing 5 phr silica with 1 phr AP, the performances of the rubber composites were all superior to the composites with only filled 50 phr silica, and replacing 10 phr silica with 2 phr AP, the mechanical and fatigue property was improved remarkably and dynamic heat generation was reduced the most at same time. The strategy of preparing silica‐NRL masterbatch and partial replacement of silica with AP provides a novel reference for the preparation of low heat build‐up green tire.

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Partial replacement of carbon black with graphene in natural rubber/butadiene rubber based tire compound: Investigation of critical properties

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers

Hybrid enhancement of silica and aramid pulp on improving performance and reducing dynamic heat generation of natural rubber composites

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